Abstract: Provided herein are methods and apparatus for stroke volume determination by bioimpedance from a patient's upper arm, or brachium, or a patient's thorax, utilizing pulsations of the arteries contained therein. The apparatus includes two or more spaced apart alternating current flow electrodes positioned on the patient's arm or thorax and two or more spaced apart voltage sensing electrodes positioned on the patient's arm or thorax and in-between alternating current flow electrodes. The system and method utilizes the mean value of the second time-derivative of the cardiogenically induced impedance variation of the patient using the measured voltage from the voltage sensors in calculating the stroke volume of the patient.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and apparatus for stroke volume determination by bioimpedance from a patient's upper arm, or brachium, or a patient's thorax, utilizing pulsations of the arteries contained therein. The apparatus includes two or more spaced apart alternating current flow electrodes positioned on the patient's arm or thorax and two or more spaced apart voltage sensing electrodes positioned on the patient's arm or thorax and in-between alternating current flow electrodes. The system and method utilizes voltage sensed by the voltage sensing electrodes to calculate a cardiogenically induced impedance variation value of the patient, and to determine a stroke volume of the patient by multiplying the cardiogenically induced impedance variation value by a volume conductor VC and by a left ventricular ejection time TLVE.