Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are included that are configured to model microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a multi-scale model is configured to mimic myocardial microcirculation of coronary vessels. The model includes collaterals configured to provide alternative pathways possibly bypassing the MVO, and configured to model coronary artery compliance for spatially resolved fluid transport through the coronary vessels. The model is configured to simulate the MVO by increasing flow resistance in at least one of the modelled coronary vessels, or by blocking the at least one of the modelled coronary vessels completely. The model is also configured to mimic behavior of fluid transport in the coronary vessels during diagnostics or treatment, to design and optimize therapy protocols for the MVO.

Abstract: MVO is treated by introducing injectate into blood vessels affected by MVO at precise flow rates, while blocking retrograde flow, such that the natural pumping of the heart aids in forcing the injectate into the affected microvessels. Monitoring pressure distal of an occlusion balloon is used to determine treatment effectiveness and heart health.

Abstract: MVO is treated by introducing injectate into blood vessels affected by MVO at precise flow rates, while blocking retrograde flow, such that the natural pumping of the heart aids in forcing the injectate into the affected microvessels. Monitoring pressure distal of an occlusion balloon is used to determine treatment effectiveness and heart health.

Abstract: Methods and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of microvascular dysfunction, such as microvascular obstruction (MVO) and other dysfunctional diseases of the microvasculature of many organs, including the heart. The present subject matter provides novel devices and methods to successfully diagnose, restore patency, open and preserve flow, and limit reperfusion injury in organs and cases with microvascular dysfunction. The present subject matter provides apparatus and method to detect, measure and treat microvascular dysfunction in real time during scenarios such as invasive angiographic/therapeutic procedures. Such procedures include therapy for organ systems including the heart (acute myocardial infarction—primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)), brain stroke (CVA), bowel ischemia/infarction, pulmonary emboli/infarction, critical limb ischemia/infarction, renal ischemia/infarction, and others.

Abstract: Devices and methods for determining fluid flow resistance at a targeted location in a bodily fluid vessel by monitoring changes in pressure gradients across the location while fluid flow is being manipulated by introducing infusate into the target area at different rates.

Abstract: Methods and devices for the diagnosis and treatment of microvascular dysfunction, such as microvascular obstruction (MVO) and other dysfunctional diseases of the microvasculature of many organs, including the heart. The present subject matter provides novel devices and methods to successfully diagnose, restore patency, open and preserve flow, and limit reperfusion injury in organs and cases with microvascular dysfunction. The present subject matter provides apparatus and method to detect, measure and treat microvascular dysfunction in real time during scenarios such as invasive angiographic/therapeutic procedures. Such procedures include therapy for organ systems including the heart (acute myocardial infarction—primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)), brain stroke (CVA), bowel ischemia/infarction, pulmonary emboli/infarction, critical limb ischemia/infarction, renal ischemia/infarction, and others.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus are included that are configured to determine the effectiveness of apparatus and methods used to diagnose and unblock microvascular obstruction (MVO). An infusion system blocks antegrade flow for a short time and measures vascular pressure response as an infusate is infused in stepwise fashion at increasingly higher flowrates. During the antegrade flow occlusion, calculations of the real-time vascular resistance can be obtained using the formula R(t)=P(t)/Qmean(t) where: Qmean(t) is the flow mean values generated by the infusion system; P(t) is the distal pressure response in the vessel generated from the flow infusion; and R(t) is the calculated vascular resistance using the two other known parameters.

Abstract: Devices for the diagnosis and treatment of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and other dysfunctional diseases of the microvasculature of many organs, including the heart. The present subject matter provides novel devices and methods to detect and measure or treat MVO in real time during scenarios such as invasive angiographic/therapeutic procedures. Such procedures include therapy for organ systems including the heart (acute myocardial infarction-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI)), brain stroke (CVA), bowel ischemia/infarction, pulmonary emboli/infarction, critical limb ischemia/infarction, renal ischemia/infarction, and others. Using methods of the invention, a system comprising specialized infusion and sensing catheter, diagnostic agents, therapeutic agents, and control console with specialized algorithms can both diagnose and treat MVO by eliminating the microvascular clot and debris causing the obstruction.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus are included that are configured to determine the effectiveness of apparatus and methods used to diagnose and unblock microvascular obstruction (MVO). An infusion system blocks antegrade flow for a short time and measures vascular pressure response as an infusate is infused in stepwise fashion at increasingly higher flowrates. During the antegrade flow occlusion, calculations of the real-time vascular resistance can be obtained using the formula R(t)=P(t)/Qmean(t) where: Qmean (t) is the flow mean values generated by the infusion system; P(t) is the distal pressure response in the vessel generated from the flow infusion; and R(t) is the calculated vascular resistance using the two other known parameters.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for diagnosis and/or treatment of microvascular dysfunction, such as microvascular obstruction (MVO) by injecting volumetric flows into a vessel using an infusion system to arrest or reverse native antegrade flow, such that an equipoise value of volumetric flow rate and corresponding pressure may be determined, which in turn enables calculation of MVO, absolute hydrodynamic resistance, fractional flow reserve, coronary flow reserve, and other physiologic parameters in real-time or near real time.

Abstract: MVO is treated by introducing injectate into blood vessels affected by MVO at precise flow rates, while blocking retrograde flow, such that the natural pumping of the heart aids in forcing the injectate into the affected microvessels. Monitoring pressure distal of an occlusion balloon is used to determine treatment effectiveness and heart health.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus are included that are configured to model microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a multi-scale model is configured to mimic myocardial microcirculation of coronary vessels. The model includes collaterals configured to provide alternative pathways possibly bypassing the MVO, and configured to model coronary artery compliance for spatially resolved fluid transport through the coronary vessels. The model is configured to simulate the MVO by increasing flow resistance in at least one of the modelled coronary vessels, or by blocking the at least one of the modelled coronary vessels completely. The model is also configured to mimic behavior of fluid transport in the coronary vessels during diagnostics or treatment, to design and optimize therapy protocols for the MVO.

Abstract: MVO is treated by introducing injectate into blood vessels affected by MVO at precise flow rates, while blocking retrograde flow, such that the natural pumping of the heart aids in forcing the injectate into the affected microvessels. Monitoring pressure distal of an occlusion balloon is used to determine treatment effectiveness and heart health.

Abstract: Devices and methods for preventing reperfusion injuries when an occlusion balloon is deflated. A catheter having an infusion lumen exiting the catheter distal of a stent balloon and/or occlusion balloon allows a therapeutic agent to be introduced to a target location to establish desired temperatures and pressures prior to deflation of the balloon such that negative effects of reperfusion are minimized.

Abstract: Devices and methods for preventing reperfusion injuries when an occlusion balloon is deflated. A catheter having an infusion lumen exiting the catheter distal of a stent balloon and/or occlusion balloon allows a therapeutic agent to be introduced to a target location to establish desired temperatures and pressures prior to deflation of the balloon such that negative effects of reperfusion are minimized.

Abstract: MVO is treated by introducing injectate into blood vessels affected by MVO at precise flow rates, while blocking retrograde flow, such that the natural pumping of the heart aids in forcing the injectate into the affected microvessels. Monitoring pressure distal of an occlusion balloon is used to determine treatment effectiveness and heart health.

Abstract: Microvascular obstruction is treated by introducing injectate into blood vessels affected by microvascular obstruction at precise flow rates, while blocking retrograde flow, such that the natural pumping of the heart aids in forcing the injectate into the affected microvessels. Monitoring pressure distal of an occlusion balloon is used to determine treatment effectiveness and heart health.

Abstract: Devices and methods for preventing reperfusion injuries when an occlusion balloon is deflated. A catheter having an infusion lumen exiting the catheter distal of a stent balloon and/or occlusion balloon allows a therapeutic agent to be introduced to a target location to establish desired temperatures and pressures prior to deflation of the balloon such that negative effects of reperfusion are minimized.