Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing carboxylated starch derivatives as well a their use as osmotics in particular for use in the treatment of chronic renal failure by dialysis.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the determination of gas in a fluid, wherein the mixture of gas and fluid both is delivered by a pump and is subjected to a change in volume and pressure, operating parameters of the pump, which represents the change in volume and pressure, are detected, and from the operating parameters of the pump the gas content is determined in consideration of a system compressibility, wherein the system compressibility in the pumping device filled with gas is determined by sequence of process steps. The invention furthermore relates to an apparatus for performing this method into a dialysis machine which contains a corresponding apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus for supporting an operator in operating a medical device, comprising a signaling device for signaling a necessary operation of a component to be operated of the medical device, preferably by emitting a signal from the component to be operated and/or by orienting a signal onto the component to be operated. Method for supporting an operator in operating a medical device, comprising the signaling of a necessary operation of a component to be operated of the medical device by emitting a signal from the component to be operated and/or by orienting a signal onto the component to be operated. Single-use item for a medical device, preferably a single-use item for the medical device, with a component to be operated by an operator, wherein the component to be operated comprises a signaling device for emitting an optical, acoustical, and/or haptical signal.