Abstract: Apparatus in which the photographic images on a strip roll of silver halide film are duplicated upon a strip roll of electrophotographic film. The apparatus feeds the strips of the two rolls into contact with one another, emulsion side of the photographic film against the coating side of the electrophotographic film. At the projection station there is a projected light beam passing through the contacting films. A charging station is provided for charging the electrophotographic film just before it contacts the photographic film and a toning station and a fixing station respectively are located to act upon the electrophotographic film after exposure.Alternatively, the toned image may be transferred to a strip of clear base film from the coated surface of the electrophotographic film followed by fixing of the transferred image. The electrophotographic film then is reused while the clear base film becomes the duplicate of the original.

Abstract: Electrophotographic medium which comprises a multilayer structure of materials for imaging radiant energy patterns at high speed comprising a transparent substrate, ohmic layer and coating of photoconductive material, which form a modulating structure for the radiant energy projected through the substrate; a dielectric layer intimately bonded to the surface of the photoconductive coating and a conductive electrode in intimate contact with the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer constitutes the storage medium for the image which is produced in electrostatic charge form and, the medium is capable of retaining latent images for a very substantial length of time.The use of the electrophotographic medium does not require initial charging; hence no means for effecting this are required. Further, the speed of the medium is so high compared with all other media that extremely low energy levels can provide sufficient contrast to produce images.The structure as described is used by connecting a d.c.

Abstract: A lens testing method and apparatus is disclosed to test the transfer function of a lens at a multiple number of points in the lens and to locate the best focal plane and format position of the lens within the specified focal range of the lens. The lens is mounted in the lens tester between the object plane and the image plane. The object plane has a multiple number of beam forming apertures which are illuminated to project individual light images through the lens to respective targets or target segments in the image plane. The targets are a multiple number of apertures geometrically similar to the object aperture, having a fixed orientation to the object plane apertures. The target and object planes are moved relative to one another such that the individual light images are moved across the apertures of their corresponding targets. The light images passing through the target apertures are sensed to determine the transfer function of the lens at the respective points in the image plane.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for toning an exposed electrophotographic member in a camera or other electrostatic imaging device which uses liquid toner comprising toner particles suspended in a dispersant.The method contemplates running the liquid toner into a chamber containing the photoconductive surface of the electrophotographic member and a metal plate parallel with one another and spaced apart as two boundaries of the chamber. During the toning operation, a low d.c. bias is applied across the chamber between the photoconductive surface and the plate of a polarity opposite to that characterizing the latent image such as to repel toner particles from the photoconductive surface, but the voltage of the bias is low enough not to affect increments of the surface which have substantial charge on them. The result is that said increments with very little charge are left with practically no adhering particles.

Abstract: A transparent photocell formed of two thin film layers of a semi-conductor material and an intervening thin film layer of a photoconductor material, a constant voltage being applied across the semi-conductor layers and the current through the cell being detected as a measure of the intensity of light incident on the cell. The thin film nature of the cell enables it to be combined with a lens of an optical system as a plurality of laminae coated onto a surface of said lens.

Abstract: A portable power supply circuit for supplying a high voltage corona in a portable electrophotographic apparatus. An A.C. signal comprising a series of pulses is produced by an oscillating circuit. The pulses are shaped by a shaping circuit which draws current during only a portion of the operating cycle. These pulses are coupled through a step-up transformer to a multiplying circuit which multiplies the voltage at its input to the desired corona voltage. A control circuit senses the desired corona voltage and operates to inhibit passage of oscillations from the oscillating circuit to the pulse shaping circuit in order to minimize power consumption.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for coating a thin film upon substrate means in a pressure vessel using the plasma vapor deposition technique known as sputtering. The substrate means are arranged on the exterior of a cylindrical drum for rotation and have the convex surface thereof exposed to the plasma vapor during rotation. An assembly of a plurality of circumferentially spaced arcuate target segments forming generally a cylinder is arranged coaxially and telescopically with respect to the drum whereby to form an annular belt of plasma vapor cloud segments occupying the gap exterior of the drum between the target means and the drum. The target means comprise the cathode of the high voltage electrical circuit and the drum comprises the anode.The projecting unit target area is larger than the unit exposed substrate area enabling radially converging plasma vapor and hence high rates of uniform coating.

Abstract: An electrophotographic film which is not only capable of being utilized for the same purposes as conventional xerographic and electrofax members but it also capable of being used in the same manner as silver halide emulsion photographic films, that is, with high speed cameras for universal photographic purposes.The electrophotographic film comprises a thin film coating of an inorganic, photoconductive, electronically anisotropic material one example of which is a specially sputtered cadmium sulfide bonded to a thin film layer of ohmic material which in turn is bonded to a thin, stable substrate member preferably formed of plastic sheeting. The total thickness of the photoconductive coating is about 3000 Angstroms, of the ohmic layer is about 500 Angstroms and of the substrate member is a fraction of a millimeter.

Abstract: A sputtering machine which has a rotary anode that is insulated from its supporting structure and maintained at a voltage differing from that of the supporting structure. Means are provided for controlling the temperature of the surface of the anode through circulating heat exchange liquid.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the deposition of a thin film on a substrate in which a length of the substrate such as for example, flexible plastic film, is transported in a path which follows along a convoluted configuration through a pressure vessel and therein is subjected to deposition effects. Such deposition effects, for example, comprise high frequency sputtering plasma. The helical path is arranged so that the substrate is carried through the influence of the deposition effects a plurality of times and at speeds which are much greater than those of known methods and apparatus. As a result, the deposition of the thin film is more uniform and a high throughput is achieved. Many other advantages are also achieved. In addition to conventional types of cooling, efficient cooling is obtained by magnetically sweeping secondary electrons away from the substrate. Batch and continuous processing are disclosed.

Abstract: A system for impressing images on electrophotographic film provides apparatus for charging each film frame rapidly to a peak voltage determined by the prevailing light conditions of the image to be produced or recorded. After charging, means are provided for immediately exposing the frame to an image. In the preferred apparatus, means are provided for adjusting the time of exposure to a fixed period which is predetermined. Means are provided for applying toner to the exposed frame immediately after exposure in the presence of a bias field which propels the toner particles toward the film. Thereafter excess toner is removed from the film or leaves the frame and the remaining toner is fused to the surface of the film to form a permanent visible image on the film frame. An alternate form of the invention provides means for transferring the toned image to an acceptor member where it is fixed.

Abstract: An electrostatic image recording device in which an image is projected by an optical projecting system upon a charged, supported electrophotographic member to form a latent image on the photoconductive surface thereof. A container of toner in liquid suspension is provided with a spongelike member interior thereof and which has a relatively rigid foraminous wall, the remaining walls being flexible. The container and the supporting structure are moved one relative the other with the foraminous wall proximate the surface carrying the latent image and the toner suspension is pumped onto the said surface flooding same. The pumping is performed by temporarily collapsing the flexible said walls of the container with excess toner sucked up by return of the container to its normal condition.

Abstract: A portable power supply circuit for supplying a high voltage corona in a portable electrophotographic apparatus. An A.C. signal comprising a series of pulses is produced for a predetermined period of time. The pulses are shaped by a shaping circuit which draws current during only a portion of the operating cycle. These pulses are coupled through a step-up transformer to a multiplying circuit which multiplies the voltage at its input to the desired corona voltage. The power supply circuit includes a portable source of D.C. voltage such as a dry cell battery which supplies the necessary current and voltage. The power supply circuit is designed also to provide a number of D.C. bias voltages of polarity opposite to the corona voltage.

Abstract: A method for charging an electrophotographic imaging surface includes the steps of reciprocating at least one longitudinally disposed corona electrode along the longitudinal axis and simultaneously applying a corona voltage to the electrode for developing a corona so that a substantially uniform corona charge is applied to the entire electrophotographic imaging surface. An additional step, performed simultaneously with production of the corona and reciprocation of the electrode can be the movement of one of the electrodes or the electrophotographic imaging surface relative to the other. Apparatus employed to perform this method also is disclosed.

Abstract: In a sputtering chamber where there is at least one target of some material comprising at least two elements which are to be sputtered as a compound onto a substrate within the chamber, a target having a plurality of edges is framed by a metallic shield to confine the sputtering to a forward direction and the background gas needed for maintaining stoichiometry of the sputtered material is injected directly inside of the shield so that immediately upon entry into the chamber a substantial portion thereof flows over the target. A perforated manifold running the length of an edge of the target releases the background gas to the target along its length.

Abstract: An electrostatic imaging method wherein the photoconductive coating of an electrophotograhic film is charged simultaneously with its exposure to a scene to be recorded, the charging step ceasing when a level of charge has been reached which is optimum for the light condition of the scene and with toning being commenced immediately subsequent to the cessation of the charging. Light from the scene is cut off immediately prior to commencement of toning. The film utilized is capable of accepting a charge at a rate faster than the light of a scene to be recorded discharges the film.The method is preferably practiced utilizing a camera which includes projecting means for prjecting a scene onto the film, a corona generating system, a toning system, means for measuring the light coming through the projector, means for measuring the surface potential of a dark area of the flm while it is being charged and an electronic control circuit which operates the charging system in response to the measured light.

Abstract: A method for charging an electrophotographic member which includes rotating a number of elongate corona electrodes, which are positioned parallel to and a predetermined distance from a central axis, about the central axis while simultaneously applying a corona voltage to each of the electrodes whereby each develops a corona, so that a substantially uniform corona charge is applied to the entire electrophotographic member. An additional step, performed simultaneously with production of the corona and rotation of the electrodes, can be the movement of one of the rotating electrodes and the electrophotographic member relative to the other with a predetermined distance being maintained between the member and central axis. Apparatus employed to perform this method also is disclosed.

Abstract: Strip film of the conventional silver halide emulsion type is duplicated by optically projecting the images onto a high speed electrophotographic film in a system comprising a flow type camera having the original film and the electrophotographic film travelling at the identical film speed. The first station for the electrophotographic film is a charging station, followed by the projection slit, a toning station and a toner fixing station.The background density of the original film is measured by photometric means and compared with preset density standards, the resulting information being used to enhance the image produced on the electrophotographic film by varying the charge voltage level. Charge level will control the amount of toner which adheres for a given time of toning.

Abstract: An electrophotographic film member is exposed to an image source, such as a cathode ray tube display unit, and the latent image toned to form a temporary visible image on said film member at a first station. The film member carrying the temporary visible image is stepwise translated to a projection station where it is projected in an enlarged display upon a suitable receptor surface. Thereafter, the film member is stepwise translated to an erase station where the toner is removed and the film member made ready for reuse to receive another image. The first station includes suitable structure for charging the film member, a selectively operable blind or shutter for exposing the charged film member to the image source and an applicator for applying suitable toner from a toner source to the exposed film member. The toner particles adhere tenaceously but removably to the exposed film member without any fixing or fusing process and hence, the toner can be removed from the film member afer projection.