Abstract: Methods of treating a human patient having a disease, disorder or condition of the central nervous system are disclosed. The methods include obtaining a bone marrow sample from a human donor, isolating stromal cells from the bone marrow sample, and administering the isolated stromal cells to the central nervous system of the human patient, wherein the presence of the isolated stromal cells in the brain effects treatment of the disease, disorder or condition. Stromal cells which are isolated may be cultured in vitro, they may be genetically engineered to produce therapeutic compounds, and/or they may be pre-differentiated prior to administration into the central nervous system.