Abstract: This specification discloses a dual seal combination for sealing the space between a housing and a shaft which passes through the housing. The combination is formed of an inboard seal and an outboard seal which are axially spaced from one another to define a buffer zone containing a buffer fluid. The inboard seal has radial faces provided with pumping grooves for sealing high pressure and for pumping buffer fluid from the buffer zone towards the upstream or high pressure side of the seal to lubricate the seal faces and to insure against leakage of fluid.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a low energy tandem seal which includes an end face seal cooperatively interconnected to a dynamic seal for sealing the circumferential space between a housing and a shaft. Under static non-operating conditions, the end face seal precludes fluid loss from the housing. Upon rotation of the shaft, the low energy dynamic seal provides fluid pressure which opposes loss of fluid from the housing and which disengages the end face seal to avoid a loss of energy and to reduce wear.

Abstract: A self aligning, spiral groove, gas seal having a primary sealing ring and a mating sealing ring with opposed radially extending sealing faces, one of said rings having:(a) Spiral grooves extending inwardly from the outside diameter of the face of one of said rings, said grooves having a depth of between approximately 0.0001 and 0.0003 inches, said grooves extending across the face of said ring to provide a dam width ratio of between approximately 0.5 and 0.8 according to the formula ##EQU1## where GD is the diameter of a circle defined by the boundary of the grooved area and the ungrooved area in said face, ID is the internal diameter and OD is the outside diameter; and(b) Said ring has a balance of between 0.8 and 0.9 according to the formula ##EQU2## where OD is the outside diameter of the sealing interface, ID is the internal diameter and BD is the balance diameter.

Abstract: This specification discloses a Dual Surface Lapping Machine having at least one fixed lower spindle and an upper spindle carried by an A-frame mounted on guide ways. The spindles and guide ways are parallel to one another to permit accurate lapping of piece parts and to facilitate dressing of the lapping surfaces. The upper spindle is mounted in self aligning bearing means which permits floating movement of the upper lapping surface upon work pieces of different thicknesses. To provide accurate dressing of the lapping surfaces locking means are provided to lock the self-aligning bearing. Each spindle is adapted to receive a dressing tool so as to accommodate accurate dressing of the surfaces in a manner eliminating bending deflections associated with prior art devices.

Abstract: A composite article having a first layer formed of one material and a second layer of a second material, said layers being mechanically bonded together by mating projections extending from one layer into cavities of said other layer, said cavities having inwardly diverging surfaces for receiving said projections to preclude axial separation of said layers. The disclosure also includes a process for the manufacture of such articles.

Abstract: This specification discloses a mechanical bellows seal in which torsional forces acting upon the bellows unit are opposed and minimized by a circumferential biasing device. Through appropriate structure, the biasing means constrains the opposite ends of the bellows for joint rotation, minimizing vibrational forces and slip-stick phenomenon of such seals in highly viscous fluid sealing environments.