Abstract: System and method for protecting a computing device of a target system against ransomware attacks employs a file system having a data structure used by an operating system of the computing device for managing files. A software or a hardware installed agent in the computing device performs one or more actions autonomously on behalf of the target system. The agent autonomously creates one or more trap files in the data structure of the filing system. A trap file is a file access to which indicates a probability of ransomware attack. The agent monitors access to the one or more trap files. Upon detecting access to a trap file, remedial action is performed by the target system against the probability of ransomware attack.

Abstract: A network intrusion detection system and method is configured to receive off-line network traffic. The off-line network traffic with a predefined format, PCAP file, is capable of indicating existence of a plurality of covert channels associated with a corresponding plurality of covert channel signatures. Each covert channel comprises a tool that communicates messages by deviating from a standard protocol to avoid detection. A plurality of covert channel processors are configured to analyze off-line network traffic. The analysis determines whether the off-line network traffic deviates from the standard protocol based on one or more covert channel signatures. The covert channels are employed in at least one standard layer of the standard protocol stack and the off-line network data traffic comprises at least one standard protocol stack having multiple standard layers.

Abstract: A network intrusion detection system and method is configured to receive off-line network traffic. The off-line network traffic with a predefined format, PCAP file, is capable of indicating existence of a plurality of covert channels associated with a corresponding plurality of covert channel signatures. Each covert channel comprises a tool that communicates messages by deviating from a standard protocol to avoid detection. A plurality of covert channel processors are configured to analyze off-line network traffic. The analysis determines whether the off-line network traffic deviates from the standard protocol based on one or more covert channel signatures. The covert channels are employed in at least one standard layer of the standard protocol stack and the off-line network data traffic comprises at least one standard protocol stack having multiple standard layers.

Abstract: Fully dense consolidated powder alloys of iron, cobalt and/or nickel characterized by having an ultrafine microstructure exhibiting a substantially uniformly dispersed harding phase of particle size essentially less than 3 microns, are produced from prealloyed powders by rapidly quenching an atomized molten alloy charge and subjecting the solidified alloy powder particles to the step of hot consolidation to produce substantially fully dense metal stock directly from prealloyed powder.

Abstract: A method for producing atomized metal particles, particularly of titanium-base alloys and superalloys, that are free from contamination by foreign material; this is achieved by providing a rod of the metal to be atomized and contacting an end portion of the rod with a plasma arc gas jet which simultaneously melts and atomizes the metal from the rod to form the atomized particles and preventing contamination of the particles.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling furnace temperature particularly in an annealing furnace used for annealing elongated product, such as pipe and tubing, on a continuous basis. The apparatus includes a pyrometer used to produce an electrical signal proportional to the temperature of the workpiece immediately after heating by an induction coil in the furnace, means for comparing this electrical signal to a set point signal proportional to the desired temperature of the workpiece and if these signals differ a control signal is produced to either increase or decrease the power input to the induction coil to correspondingly increase or decrease the temperature of the workpiece to the desired temperature.

Abstract: A roll especially adapted for supporting alloy pipe and tubing during travel through an annealing furnace; the roll has a roll body constructed of at least one refractory casting mounted on a cooled shaft and having a reinforcing binder distributed substantially evenly throughout the refractory and a metal surface portion in surface contact with the pipe or tubing; there is no metal-to-metal contact between the cooled shaft and the metal surface portion of the roll body so that said surface portion is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the annealing furnace.

Abstract: An improved refractory nozzle for use with a tundish in the atomization of molten metal to produce metal particles for powder metallurgy applications. The nozzle is constructed from refractory material and has a metal sleeve surrounding the nozzle bore near the discharge end thereof but offset a distance from the bore. The metal sleeve minimizes cracking caused by the thermal gradient resulting from molten metal passing through the nozzle to heat the nozzle interior to a temperature higher than the nozzle exterior at the tip.

Abstract: A vertical, open-ended ingot mold assembly including a mold stool having a relieved portion machined in its base which machined relieved portion has a cavity therein produced by erosion during casting. The useful life of the mold stool is prolonged by providing a quantity of metal particles to fill the cavity and having a plate positioned over the cavity and metal particles, which plate is secured within the cavity by a ring that is within the relieved portion of the mold stool. This ring protects the periphery of the machined relieved portion from erosion during casting and also prevents the plate and metal particles from mingling with the cast metal. For each successive casting operation, the eroded cavity is filled with metal particles and a new plate is positioned thereover. Alternately, the use of metal particles may be avoided by using only a plate of a thickness sufficient to protect the remainder of the mold stool from erosion.

Abstract: A powder-metallurgy produced, vanadium-containing, tungsten-type high-speed steel wherein hardness at elevated temperature is achieved without resorting to conventional, high cobalt contents. This is achieved by providing a critical amount of tungsten and/or molybdenum above that conventionally used in combination with vanadium and carbon in an amount sufficient to combine with the vanadium present and with an excess carbon to provide matrix strengthening. The high hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperature is imparted to the steel by the carbides of vanadium, tungsten and/or molybdenum. Columbium may be substituted for a portion of the vanadium.

Abstract: A powder metallurgy tool steel article for use in applications requiring high wear resistance having a carbide content of 10 to 18 volume percent of substantially all MC-type vanadium carbides, which carbides are substantially spherical and uniformly dispersed; the carbon content of the article is balanced relative to the carbide formers vanadium, chromium and molybdenum to provide an amount of carbon in the matrix of the article sufficient to permit the article to be heat treated to a hardness of at least 56 R.sub.c.

Abstract: This is a powder metallurgy method for producing fully dense compacted articles from powder charges of hydride-forming alloys, preferably titanium base alloys. The powder is hydrided, sealed in a collapsible container, heated to an elevated temperature and then hot compacted to produce a substantially fully dense article, which is then dehydrided, reheated and again compacted to remove any voids formed during dehydriding. The final article is characterized by relatively fine grain size and excellent formability.

Abstract: A nickel-base superalloy compacted fully dense article, produced by a powder metallurgy technique from prealloyed powder, said article being characterized by the absence of thermal induced porosity when heated at temperatures of at least 2200.degree. F and exhibiting improved superplastic behavior during forming operations, such as forging.

Abstract: Compacted articles, such as molds and dies, may be produced by compacting an alloy particle charge of a composition from which it is desired to make the mold and die against a ceramic core having a configuration corresponding generally to the desired configuration of the article; the ceramic core of the invention is constructed from an admixture comprising rounded refractory oxide particles and a colloidal silica as a binding agent; preferably the rounded refractory oxide particles are zircon sand. Cores in accordance with the invention are readily cast into precision shapes required for mold and die manufacture and also are easily removable from the compacted alloy such as molds or dies to expose the mold or die cavity.

Abstract: A high-temperature steel of chromium, nickel and tungsten modified with a lanthanum addition and balanced compositionally to provide a combination of good oxidation resistance and high temperature strength; chromium is present within the range of 19 to 22%, nickel is present within the range of 30 to 45%, tungsten is present within the range of 1 to 4% and lanthanum is present within the range of 0.02 to 0.25% with the lanthanum addition providing the oxidation resistance and the combination of elements being balanced to achieve structural stability and thus high strength at elevated temperature.

Abstract: A method for ingot casting using a vertical, open-ended mold removably positioned on a mold stool, a closed-bottom mold or a plug-bottom mold wherein steel particles are used to fill a relieved portion of the bottom typically resulting from erosion thereof during casting; a metal plate is used to close this relieved portion, thereby preventing comingling of the steel particles and metal being cast; this practice prolongs the life of mold stools and mold bottoms without requiring expensive replacement.

Abstract: A stainless steel welded article with excellent corrosion resistance, formability and notch toughness, such as welded tubing and the like, made from a columbium and/or titanium stabilized substantially fully ferritic stainless steel consisting essentially of, in weight percent, below 0.04 carbon, below 0.04 nitrogen, the sum of the carbon and nitrogen contents being above 0.006 and below 0.07, up to 1.0 manganese, up to 1.0 silicon, 23.0 to less than 28.0 chromium, 2.00 to 4.75 nickel, 0.75 to 3.50 molybdenum, and the balance iron and incidental impurities. When carbon plus nitrogen is in the range of 0.006 to 0.04, columbium in the amount of 0.05 to 0.70 may be used alone, but the columbium content must be at lest equal to eight times the carbon plus nitrogen content. When carbon plus nitrogen is in the range of 0.02 to 0.07, titanium in the amount of 0.12 to 0.

Abstract: A method and container for hot isostatic compacting of powder metallurgy charges in a sealed container wherein the container may be both easily removed from the charge after compacting and preserved for subsequent reuse; this is achieved by providing a separating medium between the container interior and the powdered metal charge to prevent bonding during hot isostatic compacting, and removing the compacted charge from the container by introducing fluid under pressure to the container interior to expand the same away from the compacted charge and then providing an opening in the container, preferably at the end thereof, through which the compact is withdrawn.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the rapid, high-capacity pressurization of hot-isostatic pressing vessels, specifically of the type adapted for the hot-isostatic pressing of alloy shapes from powder metallurgy alloy charges. This is achieved by pressurizing with argon gas which is obtained by pumping cryogenic liquid argon at relatively low pressure to a relatively higher pressure and vaporizing said pumped liquid argon to produce said gas, which gas after use in the vessel for compacting is reclaimed and reliquefied for reuse.

Abstract: A method for producing metal and alloy particles from an article thereof wherein the article is first diffused with a source of gas, such as hydrogen, and then subjected to localized heating to melting temperature. Upon localized melting the diffused gas within the article is liberated to produce an atomizing effect upon the melted material. This atomized material is then cooled sufficiently rapidly to form discrete particles which are then collected for further use, such as in powder metallurgy applications.