Abstract: In apparatus to convert cryogenic fluid to gas, a vaporizer having passages to pass the cool or cold cryogenic fluid in heat transfer relation with warming gas flowing downwardly through the vaporizer, the vaporizer having surfaces on which ice collects and from which ice falls to the base of the vaporizer and collects in a pile, and removing fluid flow control means operating to direct flow of removing fluid at the ice pile with sufficient force to cause removal of such ice in the pile relative to the vaporizer base.

Abstract: In the method of using ambient air to vaporize liquefied gas, the steps include transferring heat from a stream of ambient air to a stream of liquefied gas, thereby cooling the air stream, and vaporizing the liquid; transferring heat from a source into the cooled air stream; and then discharging the heated air stream to atmosphere, sufficient heat being transferred to obviate objectionable fog production resulting from step c).

Abstract: In apparatus to convert cryogenic fluid to gas, a vaporizer having passages to pass the cool or cold cryogenic fluid in heat transfer relation with warming gas flowing downwardly through the vaporizer, structure extending below the level of the vaporizer to receive the downwardly flowing gas and to re-direct it to discharge to atmosphere, the structure including ducting configured and sized to enhance the down flow and discharge rates of the gas, whereby the temperature of the discharged gas is maintained above the level that would exist in the absence of the ducting, and potential fogging at the discharge is reduced.

Abstract: Apparatus to convert LNG to gas, comprising a vaporizer having passages to pass the cool or cold LNG in heat transfer relation with warming gas flowing downwardly to discharge in multiple directions, and flow control means to control discharge of the gas flow in selected direction or directions, as a function of wind direction.

Abstract: An improved cryogenic vaporizer and heat-transfer element comprising a tubular housing having outer fin members, a central passage having an upper portion substantially closed to provide a restricted flow of fluid therefrom, an intermediate portion defining a deceleation chamber, and a lower portion in which is mounted a hollow rod that substantially controls the amplitude of liquid surging within the central passage of the housing.

Abstract: A single pass ambient air heat exchanger for vaporizing and heating cryogenic liquids includes a plurality of vertically mounted and parallel connected heat exchange tubes. Each tube has plurality of external fins and a plurality of internal peripheral passageways symmetrically arranged about and in fluid communication with a central opening, preferably circular in cross section. A solid bar or rod extends within the central opening for a predetermined length of each tube to increase the rate of heat transfer between the cryogenic fluid in its vapor phase and the ambient air as compared to the rate of heat between the fluid in its vapor phase and the air in an unblocked tube so that the fluid is raised from its boiling temperature at the bottom of the tubes to a temperature at the top suitable for manufacturing and other operations.

Abstract: An improved atmospheric vaporizer/heat exchanger adapted for vaporizing cryogenic liquids includes a heat exchange element having a tube through which the cryogenic fluid flows and a plurality of fins attached to the tube. At least some of the fins include on their edges a rail or like member which has substantially flat surfaces. Brackets interconnect the fins of the heat exchange elements through channel shaped members disposed on two parallel edges. The channel shaped members of the brackets are configured to be complementary to the rails and have complementary substantially flat surface which mate with the matching flat surfaces of the rails and thereby substantially prevent rotation of the heat exchange elements relative to the brackets. After assembly, the matching rails and channels are deformed in sections by crimping or the like, to prevent sliding of the brackets on the rails and to obtain a finally assembled structure.