Abstract: To ensure the thermal protection of a structure or person exposed to a transient thermal stress, it is proposed that a material be produced by polymerizing a homogeneous mixture of 50 to 80 parts by weight of an elastomeric binder, 10 to 25 parts by weight of a silica charge and 18 to 45 parts by weight of a solubility agent containing 3 to 20 parts by weight of at least one structural water-saturated mineral charge and 15 to 25 parts by weight of structural water in excess.