Abstract: A method of filtration in a process vessel using a treated filter media which has been treated with a conditioner for improved filtration of contaminants is provided. The treated filter media can be used in process vessels for refining, petrochemical, and chemical plants to treat process streams. The conditioner can be the same material as what is expected to be captured during the fouling process. In other words, the conditioner that is added to the treated filter media can be the same material as the contaminant in the fluid stream to be treated. This allows for chemical compatibility with an existing process fluid stream. This also allows for the natural continuation of the filtration process.

Abstract: Process vessels can contain one or more entry zones containing stability-improving materials. The entry zones address bed movement and filtration problems. The stability-improving material can be positioned above a treating zone or above a processing bed within the vessel. Entry Zones are intended to improve the stability of downstream operations.

Abstract: A method for forming an insoluble adduct using an acidic medium is provided. A chemical process utilizes acidic media to change the solubility behavior of metal solutes. The method can utilize Group 1 soluble alkali metals but can also be extended to any other soluble salts discussed under the solubility rules. The insoluble salts can be Group 2 alkaline earth metals or other insoluble salts. The insoluble adduct can have the designation XYZ where X is a soluble metal from a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, Y is an insoluble metal from an insoluble metal hydroxide or an insoluble metal oxide, and Z is the acid ion from an aqueous acidic media.

Abstract: A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

Abstract: A method for enabling gas exchange and chemical reactions with one or more liquid streams contained in a reactive process vessel are provided. One or more exchange layers within the process vessel can be composed of both collector media and releaser media. The exchange layers allow elements to facilitate increased performance of vessel operations by promoting gas component mixing and diffusion. Improved rates of gas component exchange mean less coking and more gas components available for reaction.

Abstract: A method for forming an insoluble adduct using an acidic medium is provided. A chemical process utilizes acidic media to change the solubility behavior of metal solutes. The method can utilize Group 1 soluble alkali metals but can also be extended to any other soluble salts discussed under the solubility rules. The insoluble salts can be Group 2 alkaline earth metals or other insoluble salts. The insoluble adduct can have the designation XYZ where X is a soluble metal from a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, Y is an insoluble metal from an insoluble metal hydroxide or an insoluble metal oxide, and Z is the acid ion from an aqueous acidic media.

Abstract: A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

Abstract: Process vessels can contain one or more entry zones containing stability-improving materials. The entry zones address bed movement and filtration problems. The stability-improving material can be positioned above a treating zone or above a processing bed within the vessel. Entry Zones are intended to improve the stability of downstream operations.

Abstract: A method for enabling gas exchange and chemical reactions with one or more liquid streams contained in a reactive process vessel are provided. One or more exchange layers within the process vessel can be composed of both collector media and releaser media. The exchange layers allow elements to facilitate increased performance of vessel operations by promoting gas component mixing and diffusion. Improved rates of gas component exchange mean less coking and more gas components available for reaction.

Abstract: A method for forming an insoluble adduct using an acidic medium is provided. A chemical process utilizes acidic media to change the solubility behavior of metal solutes. The method can utilize Group 1 soluble alkali metals but can also be extended to any other soluble salts discussed under the solubility rules. The insoluble salts can be Group 2 alkaline earth metals or other insoluble salts. The insoluble adduct can have the designation XYZ where X is a soluble metal from a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, Y is an insoluble metal from an insoluble metal hydroxide or an insoluble metal oxide, and Z is the acid ion from an aqueous acidic media.

Abstract: Process vessels can contain one or more entry zones containing stability-improving materials. The entry zones address bed movement and filtration problems. The stability-improving material can be positioned above a treating zone or above a processing bed within the vessel. Entry Zones are intended to improve the stability of downstream operations.

Abstract: Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.

Abstract: Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.

Abstract: A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

Abstract: Materials and methods for mitigating the effects of halide species contained in process streams are provided. A halide-containing process stream can be contacted with mitigation materials comprising active metal oxides and a non-acidic high surface area carrier combined with a solid, porous substrate. The halide species in the process stream can be reacted with the mitigation material to produce neutralized halide salts and a process stream that is essentially halide-free. The neutralized salts can be attracted and retained on the solid, porous substrate.

Abstract: A method for facilitating the distribution of the flow of one or more streams within a bed vessel is provided. Disposed within the bed vessel are internal materials and structures including multiple operating zones. One type of operating zone can be a processing zone composed of one or more beds of solid processing material. Another type of operating zone can be a treating zone. Treating zones can facilitate the distribution of the one or more streams fed to processing zones. The distribution can facilitate contact between the feed streams and the processing materials contained in the processing zones.

Abstract: A method for enabling gas exchange and chemical reactions with one or more liquid streams contained in a reactive process vessel are provided. One or more exchange layers within the process vessel can be composed of both collector media and releaser media. The exchange layers allow elements to facilitate increased performance of vessel operations by promoting gas component mixing and diffusion. Improved rates of gas component exchange mean less coking and more gas components available for reaction.

Abstract: A method for enabling gas exchange and chemical reactions with one or more liquid streams contained in a reactive process vessel are provided. One or more exchange layers within the process vessel can be composed of both collector media and releaser media. The exchange layers allow elements to facilitate increased performance of vessel operations by promoting gas component mixing and diffusion. Improved rates of gas component exchange mean less coking and more gas components available for reaction.

Abstract: A transesterification catalyst that is heterogeneous and a method for preparing said transesterification catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used in a variety of transesterification reactor configurations including CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactors), ebullated (or ebullating) beds or any other fluidized bed reactors, and PFR (plug flow, fixed bed reactors). The catalyst can be used for manufacturing commercial grade biodiesel, biolubricants and glycerin.

Abstract: A transesterification catalyst that is heterogeneous and a method for preparing said transesterification catalyst are provided. The catalyst can be used in a variety of transesterification reactor configurations including CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactors), ebullated (or ebullating) beds or any other fluidized bed reactors, and PFR (plug flow, fixed bed reactors). The catalyst can be used for manufacturing commercial grade biodiesel, biolubricants and glycerin.