Abstract: Substantially pure sex-associated membrane (SAM) proteins are used in methods to detect specific antibodies binding to X- or Y-SAM proteins.

Abstract: A method of sorting living cells based on DNA content. Mammalian sperm subpopulations enriched in X- or Y-sperm. X- and Y-enriched sperm-plasma-membrane vesicles. Substantially pure sex-associated membrane (SAM) proteins. Antibodies binding to X- or Y-SAM proteins, essentially free of antibodies binding to Y- or X-SAM proteins respectively, or to the H-Y antigen. Semen samples enriched for X- or Y-sperm. Methods for increasing the probability that offspring will be male or female comprising the step of allowing as sperm from an enriched semen sample to fertilize an ovum. Methods for increasing the probability that offspring will be male or female comprising the step of immunizing a female with X- or Y-SAM proteins. Methods of decreasing fertility comprising the step of immunizing a female with both X- and Y-sperm. Methods of increasing the probability that mammalian offspring will carry a gene for a particular sex-chromosome linked trait.

Abstract: A method of sorting living cells based on DNA content. Mammalian sperm subpopulations enriched in X- or Y-sperm. X- and Y-enriched sperm-plasma-membrane vesicles. Substantially pure sex-associated membrane (SAM) proteins. Antibodies binding to X-or Y-SAM proteins, essentially free of antibodies binding to Y- or X-SAM proteins respectively, or to the H-Y antigen. Semen samples enriched for X- or Y-sperm. Methods for increasing the probability that offspring will be male or female comprising the step of allowing as penn from an enriched semen sample to fertilize an ovum. Methods for increasing the probability that offspring will be male or female comprising the step of immunizing a female with X- or Y-SAM proteins. Methods of decreasing fertility comprising the step of immunizing a female with both X- and Y-sperm. Methods of increasing the probability that mammalian offspring will carry a gene for a particular sex-chromosome linked trait.

Abstract: A method of sorting living cells based on DNA content. Mammalian sperm subpopulations enriched in X- or Y-sperm. X- and Y-enriched sperm-plasma-membrane vesicles. Substantially pure sex-associated membrane (SAM) proteins. Antibodies binding to X- or Y-SAM proteins, essentially free of antibodies binding to Y- or X-SAM proteins respectively, or to the H-Y antigen. Semen samples enriched for X- or Y-sperm. Methods for increasing the probability that offspring will be male or female comprising the step of allowing as perm from an enriched semen sample to fertilize an ovum. Methods for increasing the probability that offspring will be male or female comprising the step of immunizing a female with X- or Y-SAM proteins. Methods of decreasing fertility comprising the step of immunizing a female with both X- and Y-sperm. Methods of increasing the probability that mammalian offspring will carry a gene for a particular sex-chromosome linked trait.