Abstract: A method for mapping 2N message N-tuples into 2N+1 codeword (N+1)-tuples is developed. The 2N+1 codeword (N+1)-tuples are categorized into M subsets of codeword (N+1)-tuples, wherein M is an integer larger than 1, each subset G has NG codeword (N+1)-tuples and the total number of codeword (N+1)-tuples in the M subsets is 2N. Each subset G has a predetermined number KG of lower bits and a predetermined number (N+1−KG) of higher bits, and the number of lower bits in every codeword (N+1)-tuple in any subset is not equivalent to that of lower bits in every codeword (N+1)-tuple in any other subset. The 2N message N-tuples are matched with the 2N codeword (N+1)-tuples in the M subsets, respectively, in one-to-one correspondence to generate a lookup table.

Abstract: A washing machine having horizontally moving washing plates is disclosed. The washing machine comprises an inner tub for receiving a detergent water and a laundry; a pulsator for agitating the detergent water which is rotatably mounted in an interior of the inner tub; a driving unit for rotating in forward and reverse directions the pulsator which is disposed on an exterior of the inner tub, the driving unit having a washing shaft which is connected to the pulsator; and a washing means for bumping against the laundry which is disposed on the pulsator and is horizontally reciprocated by the driving unit to wash the laundry. Therefore, washing efficiency is increased.

Abstract: A data interfacing apparatus for interfacing a frame memory with upper and lower address electrode drivers in an alternating current type plasma display panel system is disclosed. The data interfacing apparatus includes a pair of provisional storing sections for provisionally storing RGB data supplied from the frame memory and a shift signal generator for generating a clock signal to provide the clock signal to the respective provisional storing sections. Each of the provisional storing sections includes N shift registers consisting of M delayed flip-flops. Respective input terminals of the shift registers are connected to N output terminals of the frame memory one-to-one. The respective shift registers shift M times the RGB data, which is transferred to the respective input terminals by one bit from the frame memory, and provisionally latch N×M bits RGB data in response to a clock signal.

Abstract: A gravity feed shelf capable of allowing a distance between a plurality of guide rails to be easily adjusted includes an upper shelf member having a pair of side frames, a pair of cross bars fixed on an upper portion of the side frames, respectively, a pair of junction bars fixed on a lower portion of the side frames, and a pair of guide fixing members, each being disposed on the cross bar. The guide fixing members are used to easily adjust the distance between the guide rails, thereby expanding the range of containers to be store therein. Further, the gravity feed shelf includes a lower shelf member having a pair of U-shaped channels and a plurality of plane members. Each of the plane members has a first surface with a plurality of projections with a relatively low contact area and a second surface with a plurality of projections with a relatively large contact area, the first or the second surfaces being selectively utilized depending on the weight of the containers to be stored.

Abstract: A reversible adiabatic logic circuit includes a forward logic function circuit, a reverse logic function circuit, a compensation circuit and a clamping circuit. The forward logic function circuit driven by a first clock among power supply clocks having 8 phases during one time period, computes a forward logic function of a complimentary dual rail circuitry using NMOS transistors and determines charging paths of output nodes. The reverse logic function circuit driven by a second clock behind the first clock by two phases, computes a reverse logic function of the complimentary dual rail circuitry using NMOS transistors and determines discharging paths of output nodes. The compensation circuit compensates a decrease in the swing in the output nodes due to thresholds of the NMOS transistors. The computing units of the forward logic function and the reverse logic function are implemented by NMOS transistors only, and the decrease in the swing of the NMOS transistors is compensated using a pair of PMOS transistors.

Abstract: A cassette tape deck having a detection gear switching device of a simple structure which alternately switch the detection gear for detecting rotations of reel gears.

Abstract: A method for error correction coding (ECC) by using shuffling of a digital data supplied as a bit stream in a digital-video home system. Three methods are suggested for error correction coding/decoding. One method is where an outer ECC process for 18 ECC blocks is performed earlier than an inner ECC process for the 18 ECC blocks. Another method is where an outer ECC process and an inner ECC process for an ECC block are carried out sequentially and implemented in order for 18 ECC blocks. These two methods employ a predetermined shuffling algorithm. The third method is where an outer ECC process is firstly performed for 18 ECC blocks by using the shuffling algorithm, and then an inner ECC process is implemented by the sync block according to a recording order on tracks. The outer parity information is produced by processing the data from the shuffled sync block.

Abstract: A video signal encoder codes a video signal including texture information and shape information on each of macroblocks, a macroblock having 16×16 pixels and being dividable into 4 number of equal-sized DCT-blocks. The encoder produces encoded shape information by encoding the shape information on a processing macroblock and generates a reconstructed shape information by decoding the encoded shape information. Then, a DCT_type of the processing macroblock is determined based on the reconstructed shape information and the texture information on the processing macroblock to thereby provide DCT_type information representing the DCT_type. Once the DCT_type of the processing macroblock is decided, the encoder generates encoded texture information by adaptively encoding the texture information through the use of a progressive or an interlaced coding technique in response to the DCT_type information.

Abstract: A digital data detection system, equipped with an interpolation apparatus, for generating decoded data by detecting information stored on a magnetic storage medium by interpolating sampled data using a phase difference signal and an interpolation coefficient is provided. The digital data detection system includes a magnetic storage medium, an analog signal acquisition circuit, a pre-amplifier, an A/D converter, an interpolation circuit, an equalizer filter, a data decoder, and a phase error detector. The interpolation circuitry includes an accumulation block, a filter coefficient generation block, a HOLD signal generation block, and an interpolator. The interpolation circuitry generates interpolated data using a phase error signal and an interpolation coefficient provided from a MCU (Main Control Unit).

Abstract: A radical generating system integrates a bubble generating means, an ozone generating means, and a radical changing means. In the radical generating system, the bubble generating means generate air for generating air bubbles and pumping. The ozone generating means applies high voltage to the air bubbles and ozone introduced from the bubble generating means in order to produce ozone. The radical changing means changes the ozone which is introduced from the ozone generating means into a first active oxygen radical. The housing has the bubble generating means, the ozone generating means, and the radical changing means all formed integrally. The radical generating system sterilizes bacilli such as bacteria, viruses, mold, fungi, or algae which live in the water or air. The radical generating system also improves washing effect of a washing machine by oxidizing and bleaching actions of radicals.

Abstract: A head drum assembly for use in a tape recorder includes a holder of a general circular shape having a center hole through which a flange is fitted, a plurality of bosses on top thereof. Each of the bosses is provided with an assembling hole. The head drum assembly further includes a plurality of connectors. Each of the connectors has a body provided with a pair of posts insertable into the assembling hole for allowing the body to be maintained on the holder, a terminal plate for elastically contacting the video head and for elastically contacting the lower transformer. The terminal plate is integrally formed with the body.

Abstract: An exemplary power supply provides low power dissipation in standby mode by disabling the start-up circuit and by implementing variable frequency operation independent of the feedback signal. A standby mode detection circuit automatically implements the variable frequency operation, and an under voltage lockout signal implements the start-up circuit disable. Once the start time expires or when feedback control enables, the start-up circuit is disabled so that it dissipates negligible power. A voltage controlled oscillator responsive to the rectified DC line voltage provides for variable frequency operation in standby mode. The frequency output of the VCO is inversely proportional to the line voltage—as line voltage increases the switching frequency decreases, which decreases the output power.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for interactively changing an EEPROM data of a video cassette tape recorder. A service menu picture of a service mode is displayed on a television screen if the service mode is selected in response to a first remote controller input. An EEPROM data change menu picture is displayed on the television screen if an EEPROM data change mode in the service menu picture is selected in response to a second remote controller input. A characteristic value selection picture of a driving apparatus for projecting lenses of a three dimensional projector selected item is displayed on the television screen if the item in the EEPROM data change menu picture is selected in response to a third remote controller input. Then, EEPROM data are changed to a selected characteristic value if the characteristic value in the characteristic value selection picture is selected in response to a fourth remote controller input.

Abstract: An apparatus encodes a binary shape signal and decodes the encoded binary shape signal by using a modified binary arithmetic coding and decoding method. In accordance with the modified binary arithmetic coding method, the binary shape signal is first scanned in a predetermined scanning order and a pixel value of its first scanned pixel is provided as one bit data. Then, the apparatus compares each of pixels in the binary shape signal with its precedingly scanned and adjacent pixel by using the scanned binary shape signal and produces a first or a second comparison signal. In response to the first or the second comparison signal, the apparatus assigns one of two mapping values to each of the pixels in the binary shape signal to thereby produce a mapping signal by using the assigned mapping values corresponding to the pixels in the binary shape signal. The mapping signal is arithmetically encoded based on probabilities corresponding to the two mapping values to thereby produce the encoded mapping signal.

Abstract: A circuit for driving address electrodes of a plasma display panel system is disclosed. A data interfacing section outputs red, green and blue data arranged on 12 columns×107 rows to an address electrode driving IC. The address electrode driving IC has 4 input pins for receiving 4 bits of the red, green and blue data from the data interfacing section over 18 times and 72 output pins for outputting the received red, green and blue data. Accordingly, each of the address electrode driving ICs processes the red, green and blue data corresponding to a multiple of 12. That is, the red, green and blue data arranged on an identical row of the interfacing section having the red, green and blue data arranged in 12 columns×107 rows are inputted in an identical address electrode driving IC. Accordingly, the data interfacing section can execute an operation for outputting the red, green and blue data although all of 1280 units of the red, green and blue data are not inputted.

Abstract: A flat panel display apparatus and a method for interfacing pixel data therein are disclosed.

Abstract: In an apparatus for performing a motion estimation (ME) on a block (BL) within a current frame based on a predetermined reference frame (PRF), a difference block (DB) forming channel provides a DB representing a difference between the block and a corresponding reference BL. And a ME path deciding circuit provides a zero vector if AV≦TH1, AV being an activity value of the DB, provides the BL as a first BL if TH1<AV≦TH2 and divides the BL into sub BL's (SB's) if AV>TH2 and then provides the SB's as a set of second BL's (SBL's) if TH2<AV≦TH3 and the SB's as a set of third BL's (TBL's) if AV>TH3, wherein TH1, TH2 and TH3 are preset thresholds, respectively. A first ME circuit performs a ME on a sample BL obtained by subsampling the first BL within a first predetermined search region (PSR) in a sample reference frame by using a first block matching method (BMM) employing a predetermined full search technique (PFST) to generate a first MV.

Abstract: An apparatus encodes a binary shape signal by using a zig-zag scanning technique. The apparatus zig-zag scans the binary shape signal to thereby output each of the pixels in the binary shape signal sequentially in order of scanning. Then, a context corresponding to each of the pixels is selected from pixels processed prior to said each of the pixels by taking the scanning order into account. By using the context of said each of the pixels, the apparatus ciphers a context number corresponding to said each of the pixels and detects its probability based on the corresponding context number. Through the above procedure, if the probabilities for all of the pixels in the binary shape signal are detected, the apparatus arithmetically encodes the binary shape signal by using the detected probabilities to thereby produce the encoded binary shape signal.

Abstract: An infrared bolometer having enhanced structural integrity includes an active matrix level having a substrate and a pair of connecting terminals, a support level provided with a pair of bridges and a pair of conduction lines, an absorption level including a bolometer clement surrounded by an absorber and a pair of posts positioned between the support level and the absorption level. Each of bridges is provided with an anchor portion, a leg portion and an elevated portion, the anchor portion being affixed to the active matrix level and the elevated portion being apart from the active matrix level, wherein the elevated portion of each of the bridges including an inner part cantilevered from an outer part. Each of the posts includes an electrical conduit, wherein each ends of the bolometer element is electrically connected to the respective connecting terminal through the respective conduit and the respective conduction line.

Abstract: A contour approximation apparatus for representing a contour image of an object comprises a polygonal approximation section for determining a number of vertices on the contour image and fitting the contour image with a plurality of line segments to provide a polygonal approximation of the contour image, a sampling circuit for providing N sample points for each of the line segments, an error detector for calculating an error for each of the N sample points on each of the line segments to produce a set of errors for each of the line segments, a discrete sine transform and quantization block for transforming each set of errors into a set of discrete sine transform coefficients, and for converting the set of discrete sine transform coefficients into a set of quantized transform coefficients.