Abstract: An apparatus is used for mapping digital signal data in a data packet of a packet clock having a plurality of clock pulses wherein the data packet is composed of information data and the digital data. The ratio of the number of bits of the information data with respect to the number of bits in the data packet is M/N with M and N being positive integers and the information data includes overhead data bits and one or more data bits. The apparatus comprises a counter for counting the clock pulses to provide counted values; a gapping signal generator for generating gapping control signals based on the counted values and the ratio M/N, wherein an M number of gapping control signals are generated for every N clock pulses; and gapping device for finding overhead data bits among the information data and gapping clock pulses corresponding to the overhead data bits in response to the gapping control signals.

Abstract: A method for use in an electronic switching system having more than one operator position system connected thereto, is used for wiretapping in order to determine a time length of a telephone call between a caller and a receiver. The method comprises the steps of: (a) measuring an elapsed time from the instant the caller is connected to the receiver; (b) checking if the elapsed time reaches a preset time; (c) wiretapping when the elapsed time reaches the preset time; (d) resetting the elapsed time and going back to step (a) if the caller is determined to be still on the line by the wiretapping; and (e) releasing the connection between the caller and the receiver if the caller is determined not to be on the line any longer by the wiretapping.

Abstract: A constant envelope quadrature-quadrature amplitude modulation system limits the data, which will be transmitted, to 4-bit and adds 4-bit parity to make them have a constant envelope in the Q.sup.2 AM system, which modulates 8-bit in units of 2-bit. The system includes: a constant envelope encoder 52 for adding 4-bit parity to 4-bit input information; four mappers 12 to 15 for respectively generating level signals corresponding to data values of 2-bit among 8-bit data generated by the constant envelope encoder 52; four mixers 16 to 19 for respectively mixing the level signals generated by the four mappers 12 to 15 with different predetermined frequency signals; and adder 20 for adding up the signals generated by the four mixers 16 to 19.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a binding apparatus 32, installed it a closure for optical fiber cable splice, comprising an internal binding portion 34a having a first groove 36a, that narrows to the center, on the upside of an end of the closure cover 30 cut lengthwise and a skirt cover 37 for covering a skirt 38 formed at the opposite end of the closure cover 30 cut lengthwise; an external binding portion 34b having a second groove 36b, that narrows to the center corresponding to the first groove 36a, on the downside of the opposite end of the closure cover 30 cut lengthwise, and a skirt 38 inserted into the skirt cover 37 of the internal binding portion 34a; wedge-shaped bars 50a and 50b, inserted through both ends of holes formed by the first and second grooves 36a and 36b when they come in contact with each other to hold both ends of the internal and external binding portions 34a and 34b, having a clamping bar hole 52 perforated lengthwise through the middle of the bar; and a fixing means for fixing th

Abstract: An electronic switching system processes a plurality of special services (SS's) by storing code schemes in a first storage, receiving input data and converting the received input data into a set of input codes, detecting an identification code among the input codes, retrieving a code scheme corresponding thereto from the first storage, comparing the input codes and the code elements included in the code scheme to produce a SS result, which includes the SS data, when a format of the input codes coincides with the one defined by the code scheme, and storing the SS result in a second storage.

Abstract: A method of initializing a set of node addresses by using an apparatus having a CPU, a ROM and a NVSRAM for use in an electronic switching system comprises the steps of: (a) checking if there is a request to change the set of node addresses; (b) updating the NVSRAM with a new set of node addresses, and then going to step (f) if there is the request at the step (a); (c) checking if a flag in the NVSRAM is set or not when there is no request at the step (a); (d) going to the step (f) if the flag in the NVSRAM is determined to be set at the step (c); (e) copying the node addresses stored in the ROM to the NVSRAM if the flag in the NVSRAM is determined not to be set at the step (c); and (f) copying the set of node addresses stored in the NVSRAM onto the corresponding nodes.

Abstract: A bus arbitration method for use in a multiprocessor system having a plurality of agents and a system bus, for determining a sampling point at which bus arbitration-related signals on the system bus are latched and arbitration-related signals on the system bus based on the latched arbitration-related signals, each of the bus arbitration-related signals representing a bus request signal asserted on the system bus by one of the agents for gaining an access to the system bus, wherein the system bus is arbitrated during an arbitration period in synchronization with a bus clock signal formed by a train of clock pulses generated at each clock period, the arbitration period being greater than N but not greater than (N+1) clock periods with N being a positive integer. At a first step, an initial sampling point is set at a predetermined point on a clock pulse.

Abstract: An active/stand-by determination method for use in a duplicated system, wherein two elements, one given a priority and the other not given a priority, in the duplicated system operate in an active mode and a stand-by mode alternatively by using an X.sub.-- ACTIVE signal, a S.sub.-- ACTIVE signal, a STATUS signal for each element and a SIDE signal, the method comprising the steps of: a) setting both the elements in the stand-by mode upon power-on; b) checking the X.sub.-- ACTIVE signal and the STATUS signal at both the elements; c) entering into the active mode if it is determined at the step b) that both the X.sub.-- ACTIVE signal and the STATUS signal are "high"; d) remaining in the stand-by mode if it is determined at the step b) that at least one of the X.sub.

Abstract: A method efficiently manages equipment and personnel within a closed passage such as a tunnel and the like. At a first step, sensing values measured by sensors through a corresponding AUX device in each set are monitored to generate a set of monitored sensing values. At a next step, each monitored sensing value in the set is compared with a corresponding predetermined threshold value to provide information corresponding to the comparison result. At a final step, it is decided whether or not a trouble is detected within the passage based on the comparison result information to produce information representing the decision result and, in response to the decision result information, automatically sending predetermined emergency guide information to each of predetermined agencies and controlling the operation of each of components within the passage.

Abstract: A method, for use in a mobile communications system (MCS), efficiently generates routing information when a caller of a first electronic switching system (ESS) calls a receiver's phone connected to a second ESS through a base station system, wherein the routing information is used for the first ESS to choose one of a plurality of transit networks (TN's) formed between the ESS's to communicate voice messages and/or data between the caller and the receiver. At a first step, if there is a first demand signal from the first ESS, roaming information representing the location of the receiver is derived, wherein the first demand signal is generated when an identification code, indicating that the receiver is a mobile subscriber, is received by the first ESS from the caller.

Abstract: A method for use in an electronic switching system (ESS) analyzes M.times.N sets of line signals communicating between itself and at least one other ESS. At a first step, two previous sending and receiving line signals for a voice channel from each of the two ESS's are provided as a first pair of line signals. At a second step, two current sending and receiving line signals from each of the two ESS's form a second pair of line signals. At a third step, each of the line signals in the second pair is compared with its corresponding line signal in the first pair to check whether at least one line signal in the second pair is different from the corresponding line signal in the first pair. At a fourth step, if the checked result is negative, the second and the third steps are repeated for a predetermined duration, and if otherwise, a time interval value between one of the line signals in the second pair and its corresponding different line signal in the first pair is calculated.

Abstract: An electronic switching system (ESS) analyzes charge data automatically. The ESS comprises a generator for generating the charge data for a call; a recorder coupled with the generator for receiving the charge data from the generator and assembling a data block having a block header, a plurality of charge data and checksum value; a first memory for storing a multiplicity of the data blocks; an analyzer coupled with the first memory for checking the charge data of the data block to detect any erroneous charge data and search for a long call; a controller coupled with the analyzer for generating and transmitting a predetermined message for erroneous charge data to an operator and determining to verify the charge data for a subscriber of the long call; a verifier coupled with the generator for receiving from the generator and displaying the charge data; and a second memory coupled with the verifier for storing the verified charge data.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in a synchronous transmission system (STS) efficiently tests N clock signals provided from a device incorporated in the STS, wherein N is a positive integer larger than 1 and the N clock signals are represented by a first predetermined clock frequency. The N clock signals are first received by a counting device in response to a reset signal issued by a system controller in the STS to produce an error reference signal for each of the N received clock signals. And then, at a clock generator, a reference clock signal represented by a second predetermined clock frequency is provided. A first set of error detection signals for the N clock signals is derived based on the N clock signals, the reference clock signal and the error reference signals at a first error detection device. Thereafter, at a second error detection device, a second set of error detection signals for the N clock signals is obtained based on the reference clock signal and the error reference signals.

Abstract: A MAP provider system is provided to process SS7 (signalling system No.7) MAP (mobile application part) protocol between MAP user and TCAP (transaction capabilities application part).

Abstract: A splicer for light waveguides is disclosed, including a receptacle including a first body of a predetermined length, having first recesses cut lengthwise through the center of the contact surface, and a second body of length the same as that of the first body, having second recesses cut lengthwise through the center of the surface corresponding to the first recesses cut through the first body; expanding means for expanding space separating the first and second bodies in order to easily insert light waveguides into the recesses; and bending means surrounding the receptacle's outer surface that securely hold first and second bodies together and provide the necessary clamping force.

Abstract: A matrix time switch apparatus for use in a small capacity switching system comprises a matrix having N.times.N voice memories, N being a positive integer greater than 1, wherein each voice memory in each row of the matrix is attached to a corresponding time switch unit in a first group to simultaneously store subscriber data from the corresponding time switch unit in the first group and each voice memory in each column of the matrix is attached to a corresponding time switch unit in a second group to transmit the subscriber data retrieved from each voice memory in each column to the corresponding time switch unit in the second group, and a set of N control memories, wherein each control memory controls the transmission of the subscriber data retrieved in a voice memory selected in the column.

Abstract: A multiprocessor system has a shared bus and a plurality of processor modules, wherein the shared bus includes an interrupt bus and each of the processor module contains an interrupt controller. The interrupt controller for performing an interrupt bus arbitration includes an interrupt bus arbiter. The interrupt bus arbiter has N number, e.g., 8 of arbitration cells, wherein each cell simultaneously receives a corresponding bit of the arbitration information, lower bits of the corresponding bit and corresponding lower bits of the wired-ORed interrupt bus data to generate an interrupt bus gain signal when the corresponding bits represent one logic state and the lower bits represent the other logic state; and a decision circuit connected to the arbitration cells for generating an interrupt bus gain decision signal when the interrupt bus gain signal is received.