Abstract: A vehicle includes a powertrain system and a friction braking system communicating tractive torque with a driveline, the powertrain system including a torque machine, and an energy storage device connected to the torque machine, said torque machine communicating tractive torque with the driveline. A method for controlling regenerative braking and friction braking includes monitoring a vehicle operating point, determining a braking torque request, determining a regenerative braking motor torque ratio based upon the vehicle operating point wherein the regenerative braking motor torque ratio is non-linearly dependent on the vehicle operating point, and actuating the friction brake based upon the regenerative braking motor torque ratio and the braking torque request.

Abstract: A hybrid transmission includes a torque machine and an energy storage device connected thereto. The hybrid transmission is operative to transfer power between an input member and an output member and the torque machines in a fixed gear operating range state.

Abstract: Operation of an electro-mechanical transmission includes determining motor torque constraints and battery power constraints. An additional constraint on the electro-mechanical transmission is determined. A preferred output torque is determined that is achievable within the motor torque constraints and based upon the additional constraint and the battery power constraints.

Abstract: A method for controlling a powertrain system includes monitoring a state-of-charge of the energy storage device and determining a first set of electric power limits and a second set of electric power limits based on the state-of-charge of the energy storage device. The method further includes providing a power range for opportunity charging and discharging of the energy storage device based on the first set of electric power limits. The method further includes providing a power range for controlling output power of the energy storage device based on the second set of electric power limits.

Abstract: A motor vehicle rear end is delimited by a rear bulkhead, side wall regions, and a rear cover. An air separation edge extends on the rear cover in the width direction of the motor vehicle. Lateral rear lights are integrated into the motor vehicle rear end, and include means, which are arranged in the side wall regions, for release of the side wall flow, and which extend at a distance below the air separation edge over a height region of the associated rear light (20) and at a distance from the rear bulkhead. At least one opening, through which air flows, is provided in a covering element arranged at the end of an air duct as a means for release of the side wall flow in both side wall regions.

Abstract: An electrically drivable motor vehicle with at least two parallel connectable vehicle batteries is provided with an electronic circuit arrangement. The electronic circuit arrangement includes a number of electronic load interrupter switches corresponding to the number of vehicle batteries, via which the vehicle batteries can be connected through individually or together to an electrical consumer. The load interrupter switches respectively comprise two power branches arranged anti-parallel to each other.

Abstract: A sound system which has, for example, a radio, a cassette and a CD player is usually already installed in cars as standard or as an option. In addition, a better sound system includes a box system which has a tweeter and a woofer. In order to provide a speaker box which is suitable particularly for dispensing frequencies below 150 Hz and at the same time has neat pulses accompanied at the same time by little distortion, pulse dynamics and is highly effective, a sound transducer (10) is introduced into the supporting structure of the vehicle. This takes place in such a manner that subcompartments which are separated from each other adjoin each of its two membrane sides. In this case, the two subcompartments of the speaker box are formed by at least two elements (2, 3, 4) of the supporting structure of the vehicle (1).

Abstract: A powertrain system includes a multi-cylinder engine coupled to a hybrid transmission. The engine is selectively operative in one of a plurality of main engine states to transfer engine torque to the hybrid transmission. A method for operating a powertrain system includes monitoring an operator torque request, determining a preferred main engine state and a preferred engine torque associated with the preferred engine state, determining an engine state transition path from a present main engine state to the preferred main engine state including an engine transition state, and executing the engine state transition path between the present main engine state and the preferred main engine state and adjusting engine torque to the preferred engine torque.

Abstract: A side window glass of a motor vehicle includes an electrical functional element arranged in or on the glass and a control unit for actuating the electrical functional element. A holding device for the control unit is arranged on an edge of the glass.

Abstract: A powertrain system includes an engine mechanically coupled to an electro-mechanical transmission at an input thereto selectively operative in one of a plurality of transmission operating range states and one of a plurality of engine states. A method for controlling the powertrain system includes combining sets of preferability factors inputted from engine sensors in a microprocessor or computer with other preferability factors generated during engine and vehicle operation to provide an output for a transmission control module, which may execute an operating range or engine state change.

Abstract: A method for operating an electric machine with a driver system is provided, in which an operating variable of the electric machine and/or of the driver system is monitored. The validity of the input variables is checked with regard to their checksum and whether the input variables are up-to-date, and the permissibility of an actual moment (Mist2) of the electric machine depending on the operating state of the electric machine is checked. In case of invalid input variables or invalidity of the actual moment (Mist2), a fault reaction is initiated. In addition, the implementability of the planned change of rotary speed is checked and, in case of non-implementability, changed over into a more favorable mode of operation of the electric machine. An electric machine used as a starter/generator in a motor vehicle can be monitored.

Abstract: A method for operating a reducing agent supply system for supplying an exhaust aftertreatment system of a motor vehicle is provided. In normal metering operation of the reducing agent supply system an at least approximately continuous air stream and a pulsed reducing agent stream are produced and are released at least partially via the nozzle into the exhaust line. In a cleaning operation for cleaning the reducing agent supply system an air stream formed from a number of air stream pulses and a reducing agent stream formed from a number of reducing agent stream pulses are produced and supplied to the nozzle means. The method can be used in particular in supply systems in which aqueous urea solution is used as reducing agent.

Abstract: A method for controlling a hybrid powertrain system selectively operative in one of a plurality of operating range states including an engine includes monitoring an operator torque request and a rotational speed of the output member, determining inertial effects of the transmissions, determining motor torque outputs from the electrical machines and an engine based upon the inertial effects, and selecting a preferred operating range state and a preferred input speed from the engine to the transmission based upon the operator torque request and the inertial effects.

Abstract: A powertrain system includes an engine coupled to an electro-mechanical transmission to transfer power between the engine and a plurality of torque generating machines and an output member. The transmission is operative in one of a plurality of operating range states through selective application of torque transfer clutches and the engine is operatively coupled to a main hydraulic pump to supply pressurized fluid to a hydraulic circuit operative to apply the torque transfer clutches. A method for controlling the powertrain system includes determining an output torque request to the output member, determining a pressure output of the main hydraulic pump based upon an engine input speed, calculating a clutch reactive torque capacity for each applied torque transfer clutch based upon the pressure output of the main hydraulic pump, and determining a preferred engine input speed to achieve the clutch reactive torque capacity to meet the output torque request to the output member.

Abstract: A method for operating an engine includes defining a two-dimensional search region based upon an input power transmittable between the internal combustion engine and an electromechanical transmission. The method further includes iteratively dividing the two-dimensional search region into a plurality of subregions based upon one of the input power and the input speed, iteratively determining an engine operating point within each of the subregions, iteratively calculating an operating cost to operate the internal combustion engine and the electromechanical transmission to meet the operator torque request for each engine operating point within each of the subregions, and iteratively identifying the subregion having a minimum operating cost to meet the operator torque request. A preferred engine operating point is determined based upon the engine operating point within the identified subregion having the minimum operating cost to meet the operator torque request.

Abstract: A method for controlling torque in a hybrid powertrain system to selectively transfer mechanical power to an output member includes monitoring operator inputs to an accelerator pedal and to a brake pedal. An immediate accelerator output torque request, a predicted accelerator output torque request, an immediate brake output torque request, a predicted brake output torque request, and an axle torque response type are determined. An output torque command to the output member of the transmission is determined based upon the immediate accelerator output torque request and the immediate brake output torque request.