Abstract: A surgical instrument for use in performing anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions includes an elongate body section having a handle portion for a user to grasp the instrument, and a head section having a curvilinear groove formed therein adapted for receiving and frictionally engaging a guide wire. The head section can include an end portion having a contour anatomically conforming to the femur. The instrument can direct a guide wire to an anatomic position on the femur.

Abstract: A new system and method is developed for reducing the crest factor of a signal. The system includes a large signal extraction module for receiving the input signal and the magnitude of the input signal to extract a large signal greater than a predetermined threshold ?; a large signal transformation module for converting the extracted large signal to a monotonically increasing concave function; a large signal filtering module for filtering the large signal transformed by the large signal transformation module to pass a predetermined band of the large signal; a delay means for shifting the phase of the input signal; and a combiner means for combining the signal output from the large signal filtering module with the input signal whose phase has been shifted by the delay means to reduce the crest factor of the input signal.

Abstract: A new concept of power amplifying apparatus and method is developed for adopting pre-distortion and applying to a radio communication system. The power amplifying apparatus includes a pre-distortion module for pre-distorting an input signal x(n) according to a pre-distortion function, and for outputting a pre-distorted signal z(n), a power amplifier for amplifying a signal obtained by digital-to-analog conversion of the pre-distorted signal z(n), a pre-distortion function producing module for receiving the pre-distorted signal z(n) and a signal y(n) obtained by analog-to-digital conversion of the fed-back output signal of the power amplifier, and for obtaining model coefficients cq,k,s that minimize the power of a modeling error signal e(n)=z(n)?y(n).