Abstract: A method for monitoring a refrigerant charge in a vapour compression system (1) is disclosed, the vapour compression system (1) including a compressor unit (2), a heat rejecting heat exchanger (3), a high pressure expansion device (4), a receiver (5), at least one expansion device (9, 10), and at least one evaporator (11, 12) arranged in a refrigerant path. A change in net mass flow into or out of the receiver (5) and/or a change in net enthalpy flow into or out of the receiver (5) is detected, and a pressure inside the receiver (5) is monitored as a function of time, following the detected change in net mass flow and/or in net enthalpy flow. A time constant being representative for dynamics of the receiver (5) is derived, based on the monitored pressure as a function of time, and information regarding a refrigerant charge in the vapour compression system (1) is derived, based on the derived time constant.

Abstract: A refrigerant compressor according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a floating ring seal having a nose configured to contact a housing. Further, a low friction coating including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is applied to one or both of the nose and the housing. In another aspect of this disclosure, the floating ring seal has first and second noses configured to contact the housing, and the first nose is radially spaced-apart from the second nose.

Abstract: In some aspects, the techniques described herein relate to a refrigerant compressor, including: a shrouded impeller including a passageway permitting refrigerant to flow from a location radially outside a shroud of the shrouded impeller to a location radially inside the shroud.

Abstract: Bend test apparatus (100) for a hydraulic hose (200), the apparatus (100) comprising a main rack (10), at least one sliding rail (11) extending in a longitudinal direction (L) and a carriage (13) which is slidable on the sliding rail (11) in the longitudinal direction (L) and which can be displaced by an actuator (20), wherein the apparatus (100) further comprises a first fixture (1) that is rigidly attached to the main rack (10) to retain a first end (201) of the hydraulic hose (200) and a second fixture (2) that is rigidly attached to the carriage (13) to retain a second end (201) of the hydraulic hose (200), and wherein the apparatus (100) comprises a load cell (30) that is attached between the carriage (13) and the actuator (20) so as to detect a force (F) which is applied via the actuator (20) onto the carriage (13) and thereby onto the hydraulic hose (200) in the longitudinal direction (L).

Abstract: A power semiconductor module has a substrate, a power semiconductor, a connecting device, a potting body, a pressure device, external terminal elements and a housing, the substrate has an insulant body and substrate conductor tracks, wherein the power semiconductor component is arranged on one of the substrate conductor tracks and electrically connected thereto. The connecting device is a film stack having a first electrically conductive film, a second electrically conductive film, an electrically insulating film therebetween, the connecting device is covered by the potting body, the pressure device exerts pressure on the potting body with a spring, the external terminal elements are arranged on the preformed housing or connected in a positively locking manner and have a contact device to an assigned substrate conductor track.

Abstract: A power semiconductor module having a substrate, with a power semiconductor component, a connecting device, external terminal elements, a potting body and a pressure device, wherein the substrate has an insulant body and substrate conductor tracks, and the power semiconductor component is on a substrate conductor track, the connecting device is embodied as a film stack having a first electrically conductive film, a second electrically conductive film and an electrically insulating film arranged therebetween, wherein the external terminal elements each have a contact device for a substrate conductor track. The potting body completely covers the entire connecting device, envelops the substrate, and the external terminal elements apart from contact portions, and the pressure device exerts pressure on the potting body directly with a spring.

Abstract: A reverse osmosis (1) system having a first membrane unit (2) and at least a second membrane unit (3), the membrane units (2, 3) forming a chain of membrane units, the first membrane unit (2) having a first membrane (4) separating a first feed chamber (5) and a first permeate chamber (6), a first inlet (7) connected to the first feed chamber (5), a first permeate outlet (9) connected to the first permeate chamber (6), and a first concentrate outlet (8) connected to the first feed chamber (5), the second membrane unit (3) having a second membrane (10) separating a second feed chamber (11) and a second permeate chamber (12), a second inlet (13) connected to the second feed chamber (11), a second permeate outlet (15) connected to the second permeate chamber (12), and a second concentrate outlet (14) connected to the second feed chamber (11), wherein the concentrate outlet (8) of a membrane unit (2) in the chain of membrane units is connected to an inlet (13) of a following membrane unit (3) and a concentrate out

Abstract: A pressure exchanger with a valve system includes a cylinder barrel (1), two valve plates (2) and two port plates (3, 4), wherein the cylinder barrel (1) has at least one cylinder (7) which accommodates a piston (8). The objective is to provide a pressure exchanger with low wear and a low maintenance effort. This objective is solved by a pressure exchanger including a piston (8) braking system and that the piston (8) includes a pressure relief arrangement.

Abstract: A three-level power semiconductor module has a housing, a switching device, a first, a second and a third DC voltage terminal element and an AC voltage terminal element, wherein respective terminal areas of the DC voltage terminal elements have an identical normal direction and are arranged next to one another in a projection in the normal direction, and wherein the third terminal area of the third DC voltage terminal element lies in a first plane and the second terminal area of the second DC voltage terminal element lies in a second plane parallel to the first plane as seen in the normal direction. An arrangement having a plurality of such three-level power semiconductor modules is provided.

Abstract: A three-level power semiconductor module has a housing, with a switching device, with a first, a second and a third DC voltage terminal element which form a group, with an AC voltage terminal element wherein the switching device is formed as a TNPC circuit arrangement, which has a DC branch with an upper first switch, with a lower fourth switch and with a center tap and a T branch with a second switch and with a third switch connected in series with the second switch, wherein the first switch is formed of a plurality of first part switches, a majority of these part switches lie in the direction from the group of DC voltage terminals to the AC voltage terminal on a first straight line wherein the fourth switch is formed of a plurality of fourth part switches, wherein a majority of these part switches lie in the direction from the group of DC voltage terminals to the AC voltage terminal on a second straight line adjacent to the first and the focal points of the second and third switch lie in the direction from

Abstract: A three-level power semiconductor module with a housing, with a switching device, with a first, a second and a third DC voltage terminal element, and with an AC voltage terminal element.

Abstract: A power module (2) including a molded package (4), three power terminals (6, 8, 10) protruding from a first side (40) of the molded package (4) is disclosed. The power terminals (6, 8, 10) include a positive DC terminal (6), a neutral terminal (8) and a negative terminal (10). The power module (2) includes a phase output power terminal (12) protruding from a second side (42) of the molded package (4). The power module (2) is a three-level power module including a plurality of control pins (14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36) protruding from the second side (42) of the molded package (4).

Abstract: A method for controlling a vapour compression system (1) is disclosed. The vapour compression system (1) includes an ejector (4), and has a non-return valve (11) arranged in the refrigerant path between an outlet (12) of an evaporator (7) and an inlet (10) of a compressor unit (2), in such a manner that a refrigerant flow from the outlet (12) of the evaporator (7) towards the inlet (10) of the compressor unit (2) is allowed, while a fluid flow from the inlet (10) of the compressor unit (2) towards the outlet (12) of the evaporator (7) is prevented. A pressure, P0, of refrigerant leaving the evaporator (7) is measured and a value being representative for a pressure, Psuc, of refrigerant entering the compressor unit (2) is obtained. The pressures, P0 and Psuc, are compared to respective reference pressure values, P0,ref and Psuc,ref.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic system for a hydraulically actuable work machine that comprises a switching valve block having a plurality of valve block inputs for a respective connection to a pressure output of one or more hydraulic fluid pumps; having a plurality of valve block outputs for outputting a pressurized hydraulic fluid; and having at least one valve that is arranged between valve block inputs and valve block outputs and that is adapted to selectively produce a fluid connection between a first valve block input and a first valve block output or between the first valve block input and a second valve block output; a plurality of pressure sources, preferably a plurality of separately controllable pressure sources of which each one is connected to a respective valve block input; and a plurality of hydraulic consumers of which each one is connected to a respective valve block output.

Abstract: A device and a method for determining a load index of a power converter as part of a charging device for electrically operated vehicles. Included is a power converter which has power electronics switching equipment and a control device for controlling this, wherein a logging device stores a plurality, preferably at least three, particularly at least five, of characteristics of the charging device and in particular of the power converter, having an evaluation device, which evaluates the plurality of characteristics and determines the load index therefrom and, when a first threshold value of the load index is reached, transmits this information about this to a first superordinate decision device.

Abstract: The multi-compressor system has a plurality of parallelly coupled compressors; inlet connection lines each connected to a refrigerant suction fitting of a respective compressor; outlet connection lines each connected to a refrigerant discharge fitting of a respective compressor; a common oil balancing line and balancing connection lines each connecting the common oil balancing line to an oil balancing connection of a respective compressor; and spring-loaded normally-open valves each being arranged within a respective balancing connection line or within an oil balancing connection of a respective compressor and each being configured to close when a pressure difference between a pressure prevailing in the low pressure volume of the respective compressor and a pressure prevailing in the common oil balancing line reaches a predetermined value.

Abstract: A scroll compressor (2) includes a sealed housing (3); a compression unit (11), having a fixed scroll (12) and an orbiting scroll (13); a drive shaft (18) configured to drive the orbiting scroll (13) to move orbitally, the drive shaft (18) being capable of rotating about an axis of rotation; a synchronous reluctance motor (15) configured to drive the drive shaft (18) to rotate about the axis of rotation, the synchronous reluctance motor (15) comprising a rotor (16) coupled to the drive shaft (18) and a stator (17) disposed around the rotor (16), and the rotor (16) including a ferrite permanent magnet (23); a compressor control apparatus (31) configured to control the scroll compressor (2) to operate; a lubricating oil tank (27), formed in a bottom portion of the sealed housing (3); a heating apparatus configured to heat lubricating oil stored in the lubricating oil tank (27); and an oil temperature sensor (28) disposed in the lubricating oil tank (27).