Abstract: An analysis method is disclosed, in which several samples are passed in succession through a reaction channel (16) to a detector (17), and at least one reagent is introduced into the reaction channel (16) for reaction with the samples. An apparatus for implementing the method is also disclosed. Using the method and the apparatus, it is intended to specify an analysis method more capable of coping with different flow characteristics of the samples in fluid form. For that purpose, each sample and its associated reagent is introduced in a controlled manner into the reaction channel so that they form a block, along the length of which the local volume ratio between sample and reagent, averaged over a segment of predetermined length, is substantially constant, the length of the segment being substantially shorter than half the length of the block.

Abstract: An add-in device for a hydraulic control arrangement provides a function unit (24) to be arranged between successive modules, which function unit takes the connection between the pump channels of the preceding and the subsequent module by way of at least one function slide valve (117, 217) which is arranged to be displaced into several positions. In its positions this function slide valve initiates different functions, by which fluid under pressure is arranged to be admitted to the subsequent control module in at least two different amounts and/or in at least two different levels of pressure. In this manner operation of the subsequent control modules can be better matched to the particular operating conditions that obtain.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston machine is disclosed, having a cylinder drum, which has at least one cylinder in which a piston is arranged to move back and forth, which piston bears by way of a slide shoe against a swash plate, wherein the cylinder drum and the swash plate are rotatable relative to one another, and a pressure plate, which holds the slide shoe in contact with the swash plate, is joined, articulated, to the cylinder drum by way of a ball-and-socket joint having a convexly spherical bearing surface. It is desirable for manufacture of such a machine to be simplified. To that end, the bearing surface is formed by a friction-reducing plastics material.

Abstract: A method for achieving a specific temperature behavior of adjusting elements, operating in dependence on temperature, of valves or thermostatic apparatus is disclosed, and also an adjusting element, operating in dependence on temperature, of valves or thermostatic apparatus. Such adjusting elements work in many cases by means of pressure from a pressure chamber, which is provided with a liquid-gas filling. This filling is in many cases toxic or environmentally harmful, in order to achieve satisfactorily the desired temperature behavior. In order to be able to use also non-toxic and environmentally harmless substances, the pressure chamber is filled with a zeotropic mixture of at least two substances. The ratio of component substances is set in dependence on the desired temperature behavior.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine with two displacement elements (2,3) rotatably movable relative to one another, namely, a gearwheel (2) and an annular gear (3) of which the number of teeth is one more than the number of teeth (N) of the gearwheel (2), in which machine the tooth form of a least one displacement element (2,3) is defined at least over sections by a trochoid-type curve T=f (RC, E, RT) as the function of a reference circle radius RC, an eccentricity E and a generating circle radius RT. In a machine of that kind, it is desirable for the efficiency and the running behaviour to be improved and for wear to be reduced. To that end, of the parameters (RC, E, RT) determining the function f, at least one parameter varies in the circumferential direction periodically with the period of a tooth pitch (Z).

Abstract: An analysis method and an analysis apparatus are disclosed, in which several fluid samples are passed in succession through a reaction channel to a detector, and at least one reagent is introduced into the reaction channel for reaction with the samples. It is intended thereby to be able to reduce the consumption of chemicals. For that purpose, successive samples are introduced adjoining one another into the reaction channel.

Abstract: A hydraulic control valve for controlling flow between a pump, a hydraulic device, and a vessel containing hydraulic fluid. The control valve has an elongated valve slide which is slidably mounted in an elongated valve housing. The valve has three positions, a central neutral position, a float position axially offset in one direction from the neutral position and a constant pressure position axially offset in the opposite direction from the neutral position. In the neutral position, flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic device is inhibited. In the float position, connection is such that a raised device, such as a hydraulically operated bucket, is lowered slowly by gravity until it rests on the ground or another object. In the constant pressure position, the valve connects pump pressure to the load sensing circuit to facilitate, for example, shaking of a bucket of a piece of earth moving equipment.

Abstract: A piston/slide shoe arrangement of a hydraulic piston machine is disclosed having a slide shoe in connection with a piston (4), with a friction reducing plastics material there between, wherein the plastics material, forming channel, extend into a through opening in the slide shoe in a direction towards a sliding contact surface of the slide shoe. The sliding contact surface in operation lies against a swash plate. The slide shoe and the plastics material are provided outside the through-opening with at least one connecting element which takes up the shear forces between the slide shoe and the plastics material.

Abstract: A piston with a slide shoe is described for a hydraulic piston engine, where the piston is designed with a ball socket, and where the slide shoe is provided with a corresponding ball head, whereby these are connected in a ball-and-socket joint, and where the ball head of the slide shoe is designed as a unit moulded into the ball socket in friction reducing material so that the ball head is captured in the ball socket. Hereby an improved fixation of the moulded-on all head on the slide shoe is achieved.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston motor (1) is disclosed, having a cylinder drum (4) which is connected, so that it is non-movable axially, to a shaft (3) and so that they rotate together, and which has at least one cylinder (5), for each cylinder a piston (6) arranged in the cylinder, which piston bears at its end projecting from the cylinder drum (4) against a swash plate (8) via the intermediary of a slider shoe (7), a pressure-applying arrangement (9) for holding at least one slider shoe (7) against the swash plate and a control plate (12) with control kidneys. It is desirable for such a motor to be reliably operable even when the shaft is provided with axial play. Leakages in particular are to be avoided. For that purpose, the pressure-applying device (9) is mounted so as to e axially movable relative to the cylinder drum (4).

Abstract: A steering system for vehicles or ships is provided, with a steering handwheel and a steering element with no mechanical linkage line therebetween, with a steering handwheel sensor device, a steering element sensor device and a control arrangement which, in dependence on the output signals of the sensor devices, operates an electromechanical transducer, on the output side of which the steering element is arranged. It is desirable to increase the reliability of such a steering system For that purpose, the control arrangement comprises at least two independent control units, and a fault-monitoring device is provided which precludes a defective control unit from influencing the steering element.

Abstract: Motorised head pulley comprising a rotating drum, which is driven by a permanently mounted hydraulic motor situated in the pulley. Between the motor and the pulley, a reduction gear is inserted. The motor and the reduction gear comprise moving parts, which are designed for operation in contact with a water-based, lubricant-free pressure fluid. The motorised head pulley can by this be used without having to pay attention to the risk of pollution from the hydraulic medium. The motorised head pulley is especially appropriate to drive conveyors in food processing production.

Abstract: A hydraulic axial piston motor is disclosed, having a rotatable cylinder drum, in which several work pistons, each provided at one end with a slider shoe, are arranged in work cylinders so as to be axially movable, having a control plate, a swash plate, against which the slider shoes bear, a pressure plate which holds the slider shoes on the swash plate, and a pressure-applying unit, which acts on the pressure plate and comprises a hydraulic piston-cylinder arrangement. Using such a motor it is desirable for an adequate contact pressure to be produced using simple means. For that purpose, the piston-cylinder arrangement is arranged between the cylinder drum and the control plate.

Abstract: A refrigeration system having at least one defrostable cold-production device is disclosed, beneath which device a drip tray provided with a drain channel is arranged. In such a refrigeration system, it is desirable to reduce the risk of flooding because of a blocked drain channel. For that purpose, a liquid sensor which detects the presence of liquid at a level above the drain channel is provided in the drip tray.

Abstract: A method for mounting a cylinder sleeve in a base member is disclosed, in which the cylinder sleeve is inserted in the base member and the outer diameter of the inserted cylinder sleeve is enlarged at one end, and a hydraulic machine with a base member in which at least one cylinder sleeve is arranged in a cylinder bore. In this connection, it is desirable to be able to use materials for the cylinder sleeve that could not previously be satisfactorily fixed in the base member. For that purpose, the cylinder sleeve is heated before the outer diameter is enlarged. The cylinder bore has at at least one end a gradual enlargement of diameter and the cylinder sleeve has an enlargement of its outer diameter matched to this enlargement of diameter.

Abstract: A radial journal bearing (5, 6) is indicated, with an interior bearing surface placed facing an exterior bearing surface, where one of the bearing surfaces comprises a slide shoe (7, 8), which has one end with a contact face loaded to contact against the other bearing surface, and where this end is movable in such a manner that the contact against the other bearing surface can be maintained by a relative displacement of the bearing surface at right angles to the direction of the load. Hereby it is achieved that the variation of the leakage between the slide shoe and the opposing bearing surface is essentially reduced, resulting in longer life and greater stability.

Abstract: A valve, especially a thermostatic expansion valve, has a setpoint spring which bears on a plate having a sloping face. A setpoint adjusting device is provided in a housing connecting tube. The adjusting device has a pressure-applying piece having a contact face engaging the sloping face, is secured against rotation and has a threaded bore. An adjusting screw which is supported on the connecting tube against axial displacement engages in this threaded bore. In this construction, the connecting tube requires no machining.

Abstract: In a device for controlling the pressure to be supplied to a hydrostatic steering unit (1) by means of a control signal (s), there is a rotary slide valve arrangement, one slide valve element of which is rotatable by means of a steering means (5) and the other side valve element of which is corrected by means of a measuring motor (16). Together with a series throttle (AV), a control throttle (AS) forms a series circuit independent of the intake path of the steering motor (4), which circuit is connected between a pressure source (CF) and the tank (6). The control throttle (AS) has a closing characteristic that extends substantially across the entire working range of the angle of rotation of the slide valve elements. The control signal (s) is tapped between the series throttle (AV) and the control throttle (AS). This provides a pressure control that is independent of load.

Abstract: A hydraulic system is proposed, with a pressure source (P), a pressure sink (T), a work motor (4), a main valve (3) which is arranged between the pressure source (P) and the pressure sink (T) on the one hand and the work motor (4) on the other hand and is connected to the work motor (4) by way of work connections (73, 74), and a compensating valve (2) between the pressure source (P) and main valve (3) and an additional valve arrangement (5) between the main valve (3) and the pressure sink (T), which controls the volume flow from the main valve to the pressure sink (T). In a system of that kind it is desirable to provide better control facilities. To that end, the valve arrangement (5) has an externally controllable degree of opening.

Abstract: A fully functional analyzing unit is included within the fluid-tight housing of a dialyzer which may be immersed in the medium to be analyzed. An opening in the housing is closed by a dialysis membrane. A channel defining body cooperates with the membrane to define a flow channel. The unit includes a carrier fluid reservoir and a carrier pump for generating a flow of carrier fluid through the flow channel. By dialysis via the membrane, the flow of carrier fluid is transformed into a flow of sample fluid which is received in a reaction channel. Reagent fluid from at least one reagent reservoir is delivered to the reaction channel by at least one reagent pump, and a detecting device is coupled to the reaction channel for detecting a reaction product originating from a reaction between the reagent fluid and the sample fluid and for generating a corresponding detection signal. Effluent from the reaction channel is received in a waste reservoir.