Abstract: A method for cohesively connecting a first component of a power semiconductor module to a second component of a power semiconductor module by sintering, the method comprising the steps of: applying a layer of unsintered sinter material to a predetermined bonding surface of the first component, arranging the second component on the surface layer of unsintered sinter material, attaching the second component to the first component by applying pressure and/or temperature on a locally delimited partial area within the predetermined bonding surface, processing the first and/or second component and/or other components of the power semiconductor module, and complete-area sintering of the sinter material.

Abstract: A field oriented control (FOC) system and method provides smooth field-oriented startup for three-phase sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) despite the absence of load information. The system uses the rotor flux projection on the d- or q-axis to determine whether the stator flux current reference being applied during reference startup phase is sufficient to spin the PMSM, thereby providing smooth operation during the reference startup phase and saving energy relative to applying rated current. The system also determines a suitable initial value for the stator torque current reference to use at the start of closed-loop sensorless FOC control mode based on an angle difference between the reference and estimated angles. Since this angle difference is reflective of the load on the PMSM, the selected initial value allows the system to achieve a smooth transition from reference startup mode to closed-loop sensorless FOC control mode.

Abstract: A hydraulic device 1 comprises a first member 2 movable relative to a second member 5. In such a device the risk of cavitation noise and cavitation damage should be minimized. To this end said first member 2 having a pressure chamber 3 opening in a face 7 of said first member 2 which face 7 is in contact with a contact face 6 of said second member 5, said second member 5 having a low pressure area 9, wherein a throttling flow path is provided in a groove 11 connecting said pressure chamber 3 and said low pressure area 9 when pressure chamber 3 is approaching said low pressure area 9, characterized in that a throttling resistance of said groove 11 increases in a direction of the flow through said groove 11.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (10) of a heat exchange device used for air cooling cold water units or commercial roof machines, a method for manufacturing the heat exchanger (10), a heat exchange module, a heat exchange device, and a heat source unit. The heat exchanger (10) comprises: a main body portion (ab); a bent portion (cd) with a trapezoid cross section, the bent portion (cd) and the main body portion (ab) being connected and approximately perpendicular to each other; two collecting pipes (11, 12), disposed on two opposite sides of the heat exchanger (10); and multiple heat exchange pipes (13), each extending from one collecting pipe (11) of the two collecting pipes (11, 12) to the other collecting pipe (12) by passing through the main body portion (ab) and the bent portion (cd), wherein a top edge of the bent portion (cd) and a top edge of the main body portion (ab) of the heat exchanger (10) are approximately located at the same height level.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method (3) for determining (33) a state characteristic value (28) of a electric device (4) controlled by a temporally variable control signal (17). The at least one state characteristic value (28) is determined using the frequency of the temporally variable control signal (17) and/or the switching characteristics of the temporally variable control signal (17).

Abstract: An electromechanical power transmission chain comprises an electric machine (110) mechanically connectable to a combustion engine (111) and to one or more actuators (114) to be driven, an energy-storage (118) for storing electric energy, converter equipment (115) for driving the electric machine in a torque controlled mode when transferring electric energy between the electric machine and the energy-storage, and a device (101) for producing a torque reference for the electric machine. The device produces a control value based on electric energy stored by the energy-storage so that the control value is a decreasing function of the stored electric energy, and produces the torque reference based on a difference between the control value and a control signal indicative of torque produced by the combustion engine.

Abstract: A Control unit of a hydraulic unit comprises a control piston slidable arranged in a control cylinder to provide a hydraulic fluid under servo pressure at a first outlet of the control unit suitable for the displacement of the hydraulic unit. The servo pressure is proportional to a sum of the inner forces of the hydraulic unit and the operational forces act on the control unit. The hydraulic fluid provided at the outlet is fed by a charge pressure supply at charge pressure at an inlet of the control unit. The control piston has a blind bore in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the control unit, in which a pressure relief valve is arranged functioning as a pilot-control unit having a two-sided pressure relief piston arranged in the blind bore and slidable relative to the control piston by means of an actuator.

Abstract: A pumping system for at least one aquatic application includes a motor coupled to a pump and a controller in communication with the motor. The controller is adapted to determine a first motor speed of the motor, determine a reference power consumption using a reference flow rate and a curve of speed versus power consumption for the reference flow rate, and generate a difference value between the reference power consumption and a present power consumption. The controller drives the motor to reach a steady state condition at a second motor speed based on the difference value.

Abstract: A probe for an IR or UV sensor comprising a light emitter and detector is described comprising a lens. The detector detects the spectrums of the emitted light after it has passed a gas to be measured. The sensor of the present invention is especially suitable for such as harsh or aggressive environments measuring the exhaust gasses, for example in ships, vehicles, chimneys etc., and comprises purge gas protections for delicate optical parts to prevent particles etc. from the exhaust gas depositing on the optics. The sensor further has a flow of sample gas from the gas to be measured being adapted to prevent the purge gas from inferring with the measurements.

Abstract: A vane cell machine is provided comprising a housing having a stator bore with an outer limitation formed by a circumferential wall and two axial end faces (5), a rotor mounted rotatably in said stator bore, a plurality of vanes moveable in radial direction relative to said rotor and sliding along said circumferential wall, and sealing means (12) at least at one of said end faces (5), said sealing means (12) acting on said rotor in axial direction. Such a vane cell machine should have a simple construction. To this end said end face (5) is formed at an end plate (11) of said housing wherein said end plate (11) comprises a recess in which said sealing means (12) are rotated.

Abstract: A power module (10) having a leadframe (20), a power semiconductor (30) arranged on the leadframe (20), a base plate (40) for dispersing heat generated by the power semiconductor (30) and a potting compound (50) surrounding the leadframe (20) and the power semiconductor (30), that physically connects the power semiconductor (30) and/or the leadframe (20) to the base plate (40).

Abstract: A method for controlling a valve arrangement (10) interconnecting at least one oil separator (8) and an oil receiver (9) in a vapour compression system (1) is disclosed. A pressure difference between a pressure prevailing inside the oil separator(s) (8) and a pressure prevailing inside the oil receiver (9) is obtained. Then a duration for an open time of an open/close sequence of the valve arrangement (10) is derived, based on the obtained pressure difference, and the valve arrangement (10) is controlled in accordance with the derived duration of an open time. The supply of oil to the oil receiver (9) can be accurately controlled, regardless of the operating conditions.

Abstract: A system, apparatus and method are provided for limiting operating speed at high temperatures of a self-propelled, agricultural product applicator having a hydraulic drive system including a pump supplying pressurized hydraulic fluid to a variable-displacement hydraulic motor operatively connected for propelling the applicator. A temperature sensor detects a temperature of the pressurized hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic system. A propel controller is operatively connected between the temperature sensor and the propulsion motor and configured for limiting displacement of the propulsion motor according to one or more predetermined de-rated conditions resulting in reduced motor speed, in accordance with a predetermined schedule, when predetermined motor de-rating activation temperature limits of the hydraulic fluid are detected by the temperature sensor. The controller is further configured for providing a de-rated condition warning signal prior to limiting displacement of the propulsion motor.

Abstract: A hydraulic machine is provided comprising a cylinder unit (3) having a plurality of cylinders (4a, 4b) which are located on a circle line around an axis of rotation of said cylinder unit (3), a valve plate (6) located at an axial end of said cylinder unit (3) and having a through-going opening (8) for each cylinder (4a, 4b), and a port plate, said valve plate (6) and said port plate resting against each other in sliding contact at a contact face, wherein a pressure in each cylinder (4a, 4b) acts on a pressure area on a side of said valve plate (6) opposite said port plate. In such a hydraulic machine the risk of leaking should be kept small. To this end said pressure area (17) deviates from a circular form.

Abstract: A stator, a motor and a compressor are provided. The stator includes a stator iron core and a winding. The stator iron core includes: an annular yoke; multiple stator teeth, near ends of the stator teeth being fixedly adjacent to an inner surface of the yoke and projecting inward towards the center of the stator iron core along a radial direction of the yoke, remote ends of the stator teeth that face inward along the radial direction defining a center hole for accommodating a rotor, and the stator teeth being spaced from each other in a circumferential direction; and multiple stator slots, each stator slot being defined between two neighboring stator teeth. The winding is wound around the stator teeth and operable for generating a rotating magnetic field. The yoke has at least two cut edges at an outer periphery thereof, disposed asymmetrically relative to the center.

Abstract: A system parameter identification system uses a combination of relay control and sinusoidal injection to derive accurate estimates of system parameters of a controlled system or process while satisfying the rate-limit associated with some control applications. The system uses rate-limited relay control with hysteresis to place the system in oscillation. The system then switches the control signal from relay-based control to open-loop sinusoidal control using oscillation frequency, amplitude, and phase information obtained during the relay control stage. During the sinusoidal control phase, the plant output passes through a bandpass filter at the oscillation frequency to get a clean sinusoidal signal. The phase difference between the input and output signals and the output/input amplitude ratio are then obtained and used to calculate of the system parameters.

Abstract: A hydraulic unit includes a driving mechanism whose displacement volume is adjustable to two operational states by means of a position-able adjustment element. The adjustment element can be positioned by a servo piston of a servo unit into a first, initial position and a second, operative position. A first front face and a second front face of the servo piston, which are opposing each other, can be pressurized individually with pressurized hydraulic fluid in order to position the servo piston at either end position of a servo cylinder of the servo unit. The servo piston is of a stepped design thereby forming a ring-shaped damping surface opposing the first front face. In the servo cylinder a ring-shaped shoulder surface is formed opposing the damping surface such that a damping volume is formed in the servo cylinder by the damping surface, the shoulder surface and the servo cylinder.