Abstract: This invention relates to a method of plugging the open end of an intramedullary bone canal with an inflatable bone plug which is capable of restricting the flow of bone cement during the insertion of bone cement, particularly during the pressurized injection of such a cement, during an operative procedure involving the fixation of the stem of an artificial joint prosthesis to the end of a bone such as in the fixation of a hip joint prosthesis to the proximal femur. The inflatable bone plug is inflated with a fluid which is capable of escaping from the plug within a relatively short period of time after the bone cement holding the prosthesis in place has hardened to avoid possible weaking of the cortical bone surrounding the inflated plug. This invention also relates to an inflatable bone plug of the above type which is preferably constructed from a silicone elastomer and is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas.