Abstract: An automatic chemical analyzer for the analysis of physiological samples. A scanning monochromatic spectrophotometer may be used to determine the absorbance of the sample under control of a central processing unit. Outputs from one of several ion selective electrodes may also be selected by the system. The information obtained from the measurements is stored in memory or ouputted to output devices. Information about the test parameters may be read from an optical bar code associated with the test kit for the particular chemical analysis.

Abstract: An in-line fluid warmer for heating parenteral fluids, particularly blood, supplied from a fluid container through a flexible supply conduit. The fluid warmer includes a box-like enclosure containing a heated plate having a sinuously-shaped groove configured to accept and hold a length of the supply conduit in heat transfer relationship with the plate. A pair of temperature sensors monitor the actual temperature of the plate. One of the temperature sensors controls a voltage controlled oscillator, while the other is used to determine maximum permissible plate temperature. The voltage controlled oscillator supplies proportional control to the heated plate up to a predetermined temperature of 37.degree. C. for warming blood.