Abstract: The ratio of the number of free holes (4a) in a filtering plate (2, 3), located in the areas (9) which are not covered by the an insert (7) of treating material, on the one hand, to the total number of holes (4, 4a) in said filtering plate (2, 3), on the other hand, is not less than 10% and/or not above 75%.

Abstract: A filter for molten metal comprises a series of at least two refractory mineral material plates which define between them one or more cavities. The plates each comprise a series of holes through which the liquid metal passes and by which the liquid metal is filtered. At least one of the cavities contains a material for treating the metal, for example a material for inoculating the liquid metal. The filter is used among other things to filter and treat molten metals simultaneously and to improve the quality of the metal.

Abstract: A filter for molten metal comprises a series of at least two refractory mineral material plates which define between them one or more cavities. The plates each comprise a series of holes through which the liquid metal passes and by which the liquid metal is filtered. At least one of the cavities contains a material for treating the metal, for example a material for inoculating the liquid metal. The filter is used among other things to filter and treat molten metals simultaneously and to improve the quality of the metal.

Abstract: The installation is intended to apply a lining in one or more layers to a surface, such as the interior of a metallurgical vessel. The installation comprises a silo (1) containing a scraper (13) driven in rotation about a vertical shaft and including, at its lower part, a compartment which emerges via openings within the silo (1) and into a tubular body (2) for propelling the material towards a spray nozzle (7). A dispenser (10) with radial small blades is driven in rotation within the compartment. The installation is particularly useful for coating the interior of metallurgical vessels with one or more layers of an insulating and refractory lining.

Abstract: A pulverulent insulating and purifying covering (3) for the surface of liquid metal (2) contained in a metallurgical receptacle (1), comprises a layer (4) which includes at least one metallic oxide of basic character, capable of reacting with oxide inclusions contained in the liquid metal. This layer (4) covers a first layer (5) in direct contact with the liquid metal and including also at least one such metallic oxide and additionally a flux (6) in a quantity sufficient to render fluid this first layer (5) under the influence of the heat of the liquid metal (2). The metallic oxide is selected from the group consisting of lime, magnesia, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, dolomite and a mixture thereof. Each layer (4, 5) includes a mixture of lime and magnesia. The first layer (5) in contact with the liquid metal (2) includes a substantial amount up to 30% by weight of flux, while layer (4) which covers the first layer (5) is substantially free from flux.

Abstract: A method for applying a covering on a substrate consists in embedding a reinforcement (2) in a covering (10). To this end, a number of hooks (3) are fixed on the substrate (1), preferably with variable orientations and/or inclinations with respect to the substrate (1). The reinforcement (2) is inserted in the hooks (3) and the covering (10) is applied on the substrate (1) which carries the reinforcement (2).The hook (3) which is used as a fastening device is preferably formed by a substantially U-shaped rod, one arm (4) of which has a curvature which is reversed with respect to the curvature of the U-shaped base.The reinforced covering thus formed can in particular be a fireproof facing applied on a metal substrate.

Abstract: There is applied on the internal wall of a metallurgical vessel a composition containing a carbonate of an alkaline-earth metal to which there has been added a certain proportion of refractory material in grains and this lining is heated in order to remove CO.sub.2 and in order to obtain an oxide layer of the alkaline-earth metal of porous structure. The proportion of refractory material is sufficient to endow the lining with sufficient resistance to erosion by the molten metal which is poured into the vessel. To be used for obtaining a purifying lining having good resistance to erosion from molten metal poured into the vessel.

Abstract: The method for forming a lining on the internal faces (2) of a metallurgical vessel (1) for receiving molten metal involves the following steps:a) at least one movable wall (3) is positioned at a predetermined distance from the internal face (2) of said vessel,b) a composition (4) containing at least one powdered refractory material is introduced between the face (2) of the vessel and the movable wall (3),c) said powdered material is heated so as to agglomerate at least that surface which is intended to come into contact with molten steel,d) said movable wall (3) is displaced and the aforementioned steps are repeated in order to obtain a continuous lining on the internal faces of the vessel.

Abstract: A metallurgical vessel (1) whose inner walls to be lined are relatively hot is placed on a suitable support; the support is tilted and the metallurgical vessel (1) is brought successively into a number of different positions, in each of which an inner wall or a part of wall of the vessel is substantially horizontal and turned upwards; in each of the abovementioned positions at least one layer of a substantially dry material comprising a mixture of refractory particles and a binder of the thermosetting or equivalent type is spread on the inner wall or part of wall, the composition and the particle size range of the mixture of refractory particles being such that this mixture sinters in contact with the liquid metal, and this material is spread out so as to form a substantially uniform layer, the inner walls of the vessel being initially at a sufficient temperature to be able to heat the material deposited on them to a temperature permitting the softening and the setting of the binder of thermosetting or equiva

Abstract: The device for spraying a coating on the internal faces of a vessel (2) for the transfer of molten metal such as a tundish comprises a spraying lance (3) secured to a carriage (4).The carriage (4) is capable of displacement in translational motion on a guide (6; 106) which extends in a first longitudinal or transverse direction (D; L) of the vessel (2) and which is in turn capable of translational motion on guiding means (7; 107) extending in a second direction (L; D) which is transverse with respect to direction (D; L) aforesaid. These guiding means (7; 107) are themselves mounted on a suppport (8, 12) which is capable of translational motion in the longitudinal direction (D).

Abstract: A pasty gasket (5) is placed on the upper edge (6) of a metallurgical container (1) in order to produce a leakproof seal with the cover (4) of the latter. The gasket (5) is constituted by a mixture containing from 5 to 10% by weight of plasticizing substances containing clay and/or bentonite, 90 to 95% by weight of organic particles such as paper and/or inorganic such as carbon, carbide, borides, nitrides, silicides and sulfides, alone or in combination and/or anhydrous and/or hydrated refractory oxides such as silica, alumina, chromium-magnesium oxide, magnesium oxide, chamotte and mixtures thereof, the whole being given a pasty form by approximately 20 to 30% by weight of water relative to the weight of the dry constituents, the mixture of these constituents being produced shortly before application of the gasket.

Abstract: A metallurgical receptacle (1) for a liquid metal (2), provided with a casting orifice (6) and comprising under this orifice (6) a principal device (8) for closing and opening the orifice (6). An auxiliary device (12) for preheating, closing and unplugging the casting orifice (6), is disposed above the orifice (6), and comprises an elongated element (13), adapted to be partially immersed in the liquid metal (2), and formed of a refractory and/or insulating refractory material (34) sinterable in contact with the liquid metal (2).

Abstract: A method and installation for applying an insulating refractory coating comprising at least two layers of equal of unequal thickness, of different compositions and equal or different water contents, onto surfaces such as the interior of metallurgical vessel (1). At least two aqueous pasty hardenable products are successively applied to the surfaces. In the case of each layer of different material, the corresponding products, which are pulverulent and/or fibrous, are successively supplied, continuously or discontinuously, through a single means (10) for spraying the surface to be coated.

Abstract: The coating for the metallurgical vessel (1) comprises a permanent refractory lining (2) and a refractory wearing layer (4) which is constituted by an aqueous slurry containing inorganic particles and a binder. The coating further comprises a waterproof layer (5) between the refractory lining (2) and the wearing layer (4). The coating serves to prevent water derived from the wearing layer from penetrating into the permanent lining.

Abstract: The stopper (1) is intended to automatically stop the orifice (14) of the pouring hole (11) of a metallurgical container (8) at the end of pouring of liquid metal (12) before the passage of slag (13).It principally comprises an external envelope in a refractory insulating material which is capable of sintering inside the metallurgical container (8), and composed of inorganic refractory particles embedded in a binder and a heavy core (6) intended to give the stopper (1) a density such that it floats on the liquid metal (12) and is sufficiently submerged in the metal (12) in order to stop the orifice (14) of the pouring hole (11) before the passage of slag (13).

Abstract: An internal lining for protecting the permanent refractory lining of a metallurgical vessel (1, 2) such as a tundish, casting ladle or slag pot has a base of refractory inorganic particles coated with a binder. The protective internal lining is constituted by at least two layers, namely an inner layer (3) which sinters throughout its mass under the action of heat of the molten metal contained in the metallurgical vessel, and a layer (4 or 5) which does not sinter at all or sinters only to a partial extent in order to remain friable even when the inner layer (3) has completely sintered.

Abstract: A tube for continuous casting of molten metal is composed of a thin sheet-metal cladding and of an internal lining of heat-insulating material which is sinterable at the casting temperatures involved. The upper end of the casting tube is attached in air-tight manner to the discharge outlet of a first vessel for containing molten metal. The lower end of the casting tube dips into the molten metal of a second vessel located downstream with respect to the first vessel. In conjunction with the sheet-metal cladding, the casting tube comprises a tubular reinforcement member embedded within the lining material. The reinforcement member extends to the full depth of that portion of the casting tube which is in contact with the molten metal.

Abstract: A heat insulating casting tube is disposed between the outlet orifice of a first metallurgical vessel and a second metallurgical vessel. One end of the casting tube has a removable and substantially leaktight engagement about a casting nozzle or an adapter forming an extension of the nozzle of the first vessel. The casting tube is formed of a material sinterable under the action of the heat of the liquid metal as it flows in the tube. A ring of refractory material is disposed on the tube end engaged on and surrounding the lateral surface of the casting nozzle or adapter. The internal surface of this ring is shaped as the lateral surface of the casting nozzle or adapter and has a substantially leaktight engagement with that lateral surface. The height of the ring is such that its bottom edge is located above the zone in which the liquid metal which is poured into the tube would be liable to come into contact with the internal surface of the tube.

Abstract: The device for removing inclusions and especially oxides of the molten metal which is poured into a casting tundish comprises elements which are placed within the interior of the casting tundish and immersed in the molten metal. The elements are formed of heat-insulating material which is sinterable at the temperature of the molten metal. A duct is formed within the interior of the elements and connected to a supply of gas such as argon which is inert with respect to the molten metal.

Abstract: A coating for protecting constructions against fire and heat, comprises 10 to 80% by weight of aluminous and/or Portland cement and 5 to 20% by weight of hydrated trisodium phosphate (Na.sub.3 PO.sub.4.12H.sub.2 O). A small but effective amount of a flux can be included, which can be calcium borate and/or fluorspar, the amount being effective to assure superficial sintering of the refractory particles at a temperature between 850.degree. and 900.degree. C. This temperature range is selected because if sintering takes place below 850.degree. C., the cracks which form in the coating are filled too soon by fusion of the inorganic particles under the action of the flux; while if sintering takes place above 900.degree. C., the coating becomes detached from the supporting surface because the binder loses all of its adhesive power. The coating can also include inorganic particles, e.g. alumina, sand, perlite and/or vermiculite, and also organic particles.