Abstract: A device for binocular viewing of residual light in the visible and the near infrared spectrum, comprising an optical input system, at least one singular image intensifier of the non-inverting type, a collimator, two ocular paths parallel with the axis of the device, and an optical output system associated with each ocular path, which is arranged so that a single image inversion is performed in each ocular path.

Abstract: A pair of intensifying screens are spread apart to accept X-Ray films and then brought together again with this film sandwiched between them ready to be exposed. The device consists of a deflector and feed channel for deflecting and holding one of the screens spread from the other and a pair of rollers with an endless, continuous band running thereon in a band path having a top and bottom. A grip cleat is mounted to the band parallel to the rollers and grips the pair of intensifying screens along one longitudinal edge. A pressure means has a fixed upper half above the top band path and an upward movable lower half for bringing the screens and film together.

Abstract: A method of making the cathode of a diode image intensifier tube by evaporating some alkali metals and antimony on to the inner surface of a cathode window which by means of a layer of frit is joined to a metallic cathode flange, and in which there is provided between the cathode and the cathode flange, or, as the case may be, the cathode housing, an electrical resistance of a pre-determined value such that at light levels at which there is a danger of the anode being burnt, the diode image intensifier tube is defocussed or cut off, and wherein prior to the evaporation of the metals an alkali-resistant and insulating layer is applied to the frit layer, and that the evaporation of the antimony is carried out so that there is formed between the cathode and the cathode flange an area extending around the cathode and where no antimony is present, and that at least one galvanic connection is passed vacuum-tight outside the diode image intensifier tube, and one end of said connection is arranged at the place of the

Abstract: An improved binocular night glass suitable for use with infrared light and relatively low levels of visible light without changing the viewing system, in particular its prism system. According to the invention the improvement comprises that the image converter includes two image conversion tube sections, only one of which results in image reversal.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating and removing a sheet from a stack of such sheets is provided with a reciprocating pushing member engaging the trailing edge of the lowermost sheet in the stack to push the same into contact with transport means capable of engaging the leading edge of the sheet for further transportation thereof. The pushing member has a pushing surface extending perpendicular to the surface supporting the stack and with a lower edge which, in the operative position of the pushing member, is substantially at the level of the stack supporting surface. The apparatus is particularly suitable for feeding film sheets from a cassette at a relatively high rate.

Abstract: A film projection system comprising a film guiding path, a light source, a projection screen and a rotatable optical system. The optical system comprises a support carrying equidistant identical object lenses whose nodal points traverse a path spaced from the film guiding path a distance substantially equal to the focal distance of the object lenses. The beam or beams emanating from the object lenses are projected and brought into register, respectively, on the projection screen by means of a projection lens. Each object lens may have a given distortion for substantially eliminating any residual unintended motion of the projection of each individual point of the film on the screen.

Abstract: A system for reconstructing a tomogram or a portion thereof of a cross-section of an object. Modified signal profile data obtained by exposing the object to a substantially flat beam of penetrating radiation from different angles and by preprocessing the transmission radiation received at positions respectively corresponding to the different angles of incident radiation is stored in an analogue form into a collection of primary record paths, each of which is uniquely related to an associated angle of incident radiation; whereas such information elements stored in various of said primary record paths as are included in a secondary path that is uniquely defined by position coordinates determinative of the radiation absorption or density of a certain element of the object cross-section, are integrated.

Abstract: A process for applying within an image intensifier tube, in particular one of the proximity-focus type, a light absorbing, electron permeable layer on to a film coated on a layer of luminescent material applied to the anode of the tube. The layer is applied by evaporation of a low atomic weight element, preferably silicon or boron, or a compound of such an element, under conditions of high vacuum, preferably in the range of 10.sup.-5 to 10.sup.-6 torr, and up to a thickness of 1/4.lambda., where .lambda. is the average wavelength of the light which during operation of the tube impinges upon the photocathode thereof.

Abstract: A system for synthesizing a radiation divergence correcting operation and a deconvolution operation, for use in a tomographic apparatus, comprising optical storing means for a collection of primary signal profiles in analog form obtained by exposing a subject to a substantially flat, and diverging beam of penetrating radiation from different directions, and collecting the radiation transmission at positions, corresponding to the associated angles of incident radiation; projecting means for sequentially projecting primary signal profiles in an annular region of a memory device; and read out means including a rotating filter for sequentially and in correspondence to a correcting deconvolution function reading out simultaneously all information elements as are stored in different ones of said primary signal profiles and as are included in a particular one of said trajectories.

Abstract: A system for decoding a coded aperture image of an object exposed to short-wave radiation from a plurality of point sources positioned in space in accordance with a given distribution. The coded aperture image is displayed by a cathode ray tube having its screen optically coupled to the entrance screen of an image intensifier tube. This image intensifier tube is effective to consecutively shift its entrance screen image in its entirety along a field pattern of lines. The images thus produced on the exit screen of the intensifier tube are transferred through a mask system having a transparency pattern related to the distribution pattern of said point sources, to a detector which position wise integrates the light transmitted through said mask system.

Abstract: A device for removing a film sheet from a stack of such sheets present in a cassette. The device comprises a pin that can be moved into engagement with the uppermost film sheet of the stack in a marginal area thereof, and thereafter is moved in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of said sheet, whereby said sheet is bulged and thus made ready for engagement by means for removing it from the stack.

Abstract: A tomogram is constructed from a plurality of profiles by means of back projection, the effect of the point spread function being eliminated by analog convolution with a suitable one- or two-dimensional function.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pre-processing by means of analogue techniques radiological information obtained by exposing a subject at various spaced positions on one side of this subject to an out-fanning, substantially flat beam of penetrating radiation. The resultant ray transmissions on the other side of the subject are recorded on a record medium as continuous and analogue signals located along a collection of recording paths each having a predetermined trajectory and a spatial orientation related to an associated position of exposure. The radiological information thus recorded is then scanned and read-out along another collection of adjacent scanning paths each having a predetermined trajectory which intersects different recording paths and likewise having a spatial orientation related to the associated position of exposure.

Abstract: An apparatus for tomography, comprising an X-ray or gamma-ray source, at least one detector, and an image reconstruction apparatus. The detector is a spatially two-dimensional, continuous detector large enough to form a complete picture of the projection of the object section thereon, taking into consideration the place of the object section and of the source of radiation relative to the detector. The detector is connected by optical or fibre-optical means to a luminance intensifier tube. This tube may be coupled, either optically or fibre-optically, to a television pick-up tube whose output is coupled to the image reconstruction apparatus. In one form of the invention the detector is an X-ray screen, which is preferably concave towards the source of radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for converting patterns of intensity-modulated scanning lines, each pattern representing an X-ray picture of an object when irradiated by a substantially flat beam of X-rays, into electrical signals, wherein such pattern is projected onto the target of a storage type camera tube having deflection means arranged for scanning said pattern along a plurality of scanning paths, each scanning path extending substantially transverse relative to the longitudinal axis of the image, and information derived from each one of said transverse scanning paths being individually processed.

Abstract: A radiation scanning-detecting and processing system having a composite detector arrangement including detector elements having mutually different sensitive areas. An information processing system coupled to such detector arrangement is effective in response to certain operational parameters to selectively vary the relative contributions of detector elements having different sensitive areas to the overall signal derived from all detector elements in combination.

Abstract: An image intensifier tube is made by building an anode window subassembly and a cathode window subassembly each ending in a ring having a projecting peripheral edge. The two subassemblies are placed in a vacuum chamber and the two rings are peripherally interconnected by cold welding.

Abstract: A line scanning system wherein a multiple element detector array receives radiation from a scanning rotator having mirror surfaces inclined relative to the axis of rotation. Image distorting effects due to inequality of lines which are concurrently scanned, are offset by individually delaying the electric signals which are individually derived from the detector elements; these delays are related to the instantaneous scanning angle. The electrical signals, thus compensated are converted into a corresponding number of separate light beams which are individually applied to corresponding light inputs of a multiple input optical system comprising a configuration of prisms, which are effective to combine the separate input beams into a single output beam composed of coaxially disposed, rotationally symmetric sub-beams.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining an object placed on a support arrangement and located between a source of penetrating radiation and a radiation responsive detector arrangement comprising an image intensifier tube in conjunction with an internal or external continuous detector screen, the combination of said source and said detector arrangement together with adjustable beam collimating means being mounted so as to allow for a rotation relative to the object about an axis extending perpendicularly to a cross-sectional plane of said object, comprising an electronic control arrangement for selectively adjusting the format and/or resolution of a television pattern obtained by scanning the image at the target of a television camera tube and resulting from the projection of the image produced at the output of said detector arrangement, and position selecting means for orientating the position of said support arrangement selectively and in dependence of the adjustment of said electronic control arrangement with respect to

Abstract: An image intensifier tube device including a plurality of diode image intensifier tubes. Each tube comprises a sealed cylindrical envelope having its one end closed by an entry window carrying a photo-sensitive, electron emitting layer enclosed by a good electrically conductive rim. A resistive layer is deposited by vaporization between the circumference of the electron emitting layer and the good electrically conductive rim, which resistive layer is connected to a terminal of a voltage source having its other terminal connected to an anode and to focussing means of the tube such that in response to a sudden increase in the brightness of the image to be intensified a voltage drop is produced across the resistive layer, as a result of which the emitted electrons are de-focussed and/or deflected.