Abstract: A server connected to a network generates a database including a first data structure configured to store attributes of fungible assets, where the attributes determine market values of the fungible assets, and a second data structure having fields referentially related to the attributes stored in the first data structure such that a change in any field induces a change in real time in a corresponding attribute in the first data structure. The server receives a stream of data regarding the attributes of the fungible assets from the network, modifies the fields of the second data structure, and allows cycling, liquidating, and replenishing of one or more of the fungible assets while maintaining a relative value equivalence of the fungible assets. The server securely validated, verifies, records, traces, and tracks transactions for cryptocurrency specimens. The server generates tokens based on the fungible assets for trading over subnetworks and provides price discovery.

Abstract: A server connected to a network generates a database including a first data structure configured to store attributes of fungible assets, where the attributes determine market values of the fungible assets, and a second data structure having fields referentially related to the attributes stored in the first data structure such that a change in any field induces a change in real time in a corresponding attribute in the first data structure. The server receives a stream of data regarding the attributes of the fungible assets from the network, modifies the fields of the second data structure, and allows cycling, liquidating, and replenishing of one or more of the fungible assets while maintaining a relative value equivalence of the fungible assets. The server securely validated, verifies, records, traces, and tracks transactions for cryptocurrency specimens. The server generates tokens based on the fungible assets for trading over subnetworks and provides price discovery.

Abstract: A server connected to a network generates a database including a first data structure configured to store attributes of fungible assets, where the attributes determine market values of the fungible assets, and a second data structure having fields referentially related to the attributes stored in the first data structure such that a change in any one of the fields induces a change in real time in a corresponding attribute in the first data structure. The server receives a stream of data regarding one or more of the attributes of the fungible assets from the network, which modifies one or more of the fields of the second data structure, and which allows at least one of cycling, liquidating, and replenishing of one or more of the fungible assets while maintaining a relative value equivalence of the fungible assets. The server securely validate, verify, record, trace, and track transactions for cryptocurrency specimens.

Abstract: A server connected to a network generates a database including a first data structure configured to store attributes of fungible assets, where the attributes determine market values of the fungible assets, and a second data structure having fields referentially related to the attributes stored in the first data structure such that a change in any one of the fields induces a change in real time in a corresponding attribute in the first data structure. The server receives a stream of data regarding one or more of the attributes of the fungible assets from the network, which modifies one or more of the fields of the second data structure, and which allows at least one of cycling, liquidating, and replenishing of one or more of the fungible assets while maintaining a relative value equivalence of the fungible assets. The server securely validate, verify, record, trace, and track transactions for cryptocurrency specimens.

Abstract: A server connected to a network generates a database including a first data structure configured to store attributes of fungible assets, where the attributes determine market values of the fungible assets, and a second data structure having fields referentially related to the attributes stored in the first data structure such that a change in any one of the fields induces a change in real time in a corresponding attribute in the first data structure. The server receives a stream of data regarding one or more of the attributes of the fungible assets from the network, which modifies one or more of the fields of the second data structure, and which allows at least one of cycling, liquidating, and replenishing of one or more of the fungible assets while maintaining a relative value equivalence of the fungible assets.

Abstract: A server connected to a network generates a database including a first data structure configured to store attributes of fungible assets, where the attributes determine market values of the fungible assets, and a second data structure having fields referentially related to the attributes stored in the first data structure such that a change in any one of the fields induces a change in real time in a corresponding attribute in the first data structure. The server receives a stream of data regarding one or more of the attributes of the fungible assets from the network, which modifies one or more of the fields of the second data structure, and which allows at least one of cycling, liquidating, and replenishing of one or more of the fungible assets while maintaining a relative value equivalence of the fungible assets.

Abstract: A system for a computerized, Exchange-controlled network (“ECN”) is disclosed which is operated by an organization forming an Exchange. The ECN has at least one host server disposed at a first location which communicates with at least two front-end virtual servers disposed at second and third locations, wherein the servers are attendant to Exchange-authorized communities of interest (“COI”) each made up of at least one member, and thus authenticated to cryptographically validate and process digital information passed along the ECN without the use of intermediaries. A plurality of devices in the form of dongles are each configured to operate in conjunction with their respective COI member's server, and enable the Exchange to exercise controls over virtually all aspects of digital data access and digital order processing without the use of intermediaries.

Abstract: A tradable asset market trading and hedging system is disclosed. The tradable assets may include fuels or industrial minerals and rocks (IMRs). The system may include a conventional Exchange and its Islamic exchange affiliate or subsidiary (“IES”), a Sharia conversion module (both hardware and software), and a back-to-back order execution module (also both hardware and software). The IES makes use of a suitable cross-liquidity algorithm for the purpose of consolidating bids and offers from the Exchange and the IES in order to enhance IES liquidity. An entity that qualifies for Sharia-based trading with the IES may be issued a customized dongle to inter alia regulate and control who can access what data at any given time. The dongle interfaces with a computing device (e.g., laptop, desktop, tablet, etc.) used by an individual, institution or other qualified entity to access the IES.

Abstract: A computerized Exchange-controlled network (“ECN) based system that facilitates trading of one or more digitized (i.e., securitized and tokenized) asset-backed mediums of exchange (“DABMoE”), including one or more cryptocurrency tokens, is disclosed which is operated by an Exchange acting in cooperation with (i) Exchange Affiliates providing price discovery of various tradable assets by matching the bilateral interests of wholesale counterparties having practically, rather than absolute, opposite trading interests predicated on physical delivery and receipt of said assets and (ii) external cryptocurrency exchange organizations (“ECCEO”) registering and servicing retail user-customers while providing wallet and payment facilitation applications to prevent incidences of double spending and reversals.

Abstract: A computerized trading exchange (“CTE”) for trading hybrid incentive trade instruments (“HITIs”) having underlying value associated with CADS (captured agglomerated diesel soot) or other carbon containing feed materials (OCCFM) which have been processed using thermochemical conversion processes. The CTE may use a computerized storage device configured to store details selected from at least one of certificates, futures, options, forwards, swaps, and spreads associated with the buying and selling of the HITIs. The CTE may store at least one regulation of trading and may be configured to allow a plurality of participants to buy and sell the HITIs. The CTE may be configured to enable communications from buyers and sellers interested in executing orders relating to the HITIs or to the details concerning the HITIs, as well as from at least one party for the purpose of providing specifications concerning the HITIs to be stored by the CTE.

Abstract: A system includes a data collection module that collects data for a plurality of different types of tradable assets which may include tradable credit instruments or industrial minerals and rocks (IMR). A selection module selects specific types of tradable assets from sets of tradable assets based on the physical properties of the tradable assets, to thus generate sets of tradable assets. A benchmark generating module that generates tradable asset benchmarks indicating aggregate qualities of the sets of tradable assets. A tradable asset benchmark for a set of tradable assets is generated based on weighted averages of the physical properties of each specific tradable asset in the set of tradable assets. A communication module communicates the tradable assets benchmarks to traders, and receives orders for derivatives contracts from the traders, based on the tradable asset benchmarks.

Abstract: A computerized trading exchange (“CTE”) for trading hybrid incentive trade instruments (“HITIs”) having underlying value associated with diesel emission controls. The CTE may use a computerized storage device configured to store details selected from at least one of certificates, futures, options, forwards, swaps, and spreads associated with the buying and selling of the HITIs. The CTE may store at least one regulation of trading and may be configured to allow a plurality of participants to buy and sell the HITIs. The CTE may be configured to enable communications from buyers and sellers interested in executing orders relating to the HITIs or to the details concerning the HITIs, as well as from at least one party for the purpose of providing specifications concerning the HITIs to be stored by the CTE.

Abstract: A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.

Abstract: A diesel emissions control system or diesel emissions control after- treatment (“DECAT”) system thermally stabilizes and catalyzes engine exhaust. The system generates substantial reduced volatile organic compounds (“VOCs”) and hydrocarbons (“HCs”), as well as selective catalytic reduction (“SCR”) of nitrogen oxides (“NOx”). The system treats exhaust gases rich in particulate matter (“PM”) prior to a downstream diesel particulate converter (“DPC”). The DPC agglomerates the PM into larger and heavier soot that may be more readily captured by a deep bed of composite wire mesh filters. The system includes a base metal catalyst with an iron-containing zeolite catalyst augmented with cerium-manganese oxide (the “IZCM Catalyst”).

Abstract: A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.