Abstract: A hybrid-cooled load bank rack with solid-state fast varying load simulator combines liquid-cooled load bank module and air-cooled load bank module within a single rack frame to enable testing of hybrid-cooled data center infrastructures. The hybrid-cooled load bank rack incorporates a solid-state relay switching assembly containing power semiconductor devices, gate driver and snubber network, and inline current sensors to dynamically modulate power delivery according to programmable time-versus-power profiles. A central controller with a programmable load profile engine encodes power demand datasets into control signals and adjusts load allocation between liquid and air cooling paths based on cooling feedback from a CDU feedback interface.

Abstract: A hybrid-cooled load bank and AI rack emulator provides programmable emulation of both liquid-cooled and air-cooled heat rejection for data center and AI hardware commissioning. The hybrid-cooled load bank and AI rack emulator comprises a structural frame, heat generation assembly with liquid-cooled and air-cooled heat generation module, fluid management subsystem with a hydraulic impedance emulator, airflow management subsystem, power distribution subsystem, and control and monitoring subsystem. The method of emulating a hybrid-cooled AI rack includes establishing physical connections, initializing emulation parameters, configuring liquid and air paths, executing a dynamic emulation profile with real-time power commands and hybrid split allocation, and performing safe shutdown.

Abstract: A modular hybrid-cooled data center rack adapter system integrates a transverse spacer adapter, longitudinal flow spacer, rear-door heat exchanger, coolant distribution unit, and controls and sensor suite to enable universal mechanical and fluidic adaptation of multi-vendor heat exchangers to diverse rack geometries. The rack distribution manifold and redundant rack power distribution units are incorporated within the spacer assembly, providing integrated liquid and power distribution. The longitudinal flow spacer, positive return-flow fan array, and gravity backflow dampers manage airflow to prevent hot-aisle dilution. The hybrid air-liquid rack cooling control method utilizes sensor telemetry, dewpoint sensing, and a model-predictive control variant to dynamically coordinate air-side and liquid-side cooling resources, maintain condensation safety, and optimize the air-to-liquid heat removal ratio.