Abstract: Soft paper from cellulose fibres is manufactured by wet-forming a first fibre layer. Thereafter air-borne dry fibres are deposited directly on one or both sides of the wet-formed layer while this is still wet, so that a second and possibly a third fibre layer are formed on the first one. Fibre bindings thereby arise between the layers. The wet-formed fibre layer gives the soft paper its strength, while the dry-formed fibers give a soft surface.

Abstract: Apparatus for manufacturing pulp fiber from lignocellulose-containing material is disclosed, including a preheater, a defibrator with a pressurized housing, a conveying screw to convey the preheated lignocellulose-containing material from the preheater to the defibrator, a horizontal separator, a blow pipe for transferring the defibrated lignocellulose-containing material and steam from the defibrator to the horizontal separator, in which the horizontal separator includes a pulp outlet, a steam outlet, and a screw conveyor which includes screw threads which have a screw thread angle which substantially corresponds to the angle at which the blow pipe enters the horizontal separator. The screw conveyor in the horizontal separator feeds the defibrated lignocellulose-containing material from the blow pipe to the pulp outlet in the form of a pulp plug which maintains the pressure within the separator, and a steam transfer line is provided transferring the separated steam from the steam outlet to the preheater.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for treating a fibre suspension by screening and fibre-separating mechanical working in the manufacture of papermaking pulp. The apparatus is provided with a rotor arranged within a housing, which rotor is surrounded by a stator. The inner surface of the stator cooperates with the outer surface of the rotor to define a refining gap for the treatment of the fibre suspension. The refining gap is divided into a first treating zone and a second treating zone for the processing of the fibre suspension. An adjustment member allows for adjusting the width of the refining gap within the first treating zone independently of the width of the refining gap within the second treating zone. The refining gap within both the first and second treating zones may be simultaneously adjusted by axial displacement of the rotor.

Abstract: A refiner segment (1) for disc refiners is formed with a pattern of bars (2,4) and grooves (3,5), and flow restrictions (6) are located in the grooves (5). Through apertures (8) in the bars (4), the grooves (5) communicate with each other so that the grooves have free communication outward and inward via the apertures (8).

Abstract: In a refiner (40) with two opposed discs (47,48) rotatable relative to each other fibre pulp is manufactured from lignocellulose-containing material. The material is advanced in a channel comprising a plug pipe (20), through which the material is fed in compressed state, and a steam screen pipe (32) for discharging steam. The steam screen pipe (32) is located directly after the plug pipe (20) and has a cross-sectional area, which slightly exceeds that of the plug pipe in order to allow a limited expansion of the material plug. The steam is thereby allowed to flow through the material, at the same time as the material plug prevents clogging of the apertures (37,39) of the steam screen pipe.

Abstract: The abstract related herein is a device for continuously weighing a web during formation thereof such that uniformity can be promoted in a continuous process. A method for forming fiber board is also disclosed.

Abstract: Fibre material is defibrated and dispersed in an air flow and introduced through an inlet (2) into a forming head (1). In the forming head (1) the inlet transforms to a single-curved convex surface (5), which leads all the way to an accept outlet (6). A screen (7) is located at adjustable distance from the curved surface (5) for dividing ingoing fibre/air flow into accept and reject. An outlet (10) for the reject is located behind the screen (7). At a distance of 10-150 mm from the accept outlet (6) a running air-pervious support (27) is located, on which the web precipitates.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating a pulp suspension with a treatment liquid is disclosed, comprising a continuous pervious belt for receiving the pulp suspension and moving it through a treatment zone in a predetermined direction. A treatment liquid supply is located above the continuous belt for supplying the treatment liquid onto the pulp suspension as it travels through the treatment zone, and a collector is located below the continuous belt for receiving liquid passing through the pulp suspension.

Abstract: Fibre pulp is manufactured in a refiner with opposed refining members (22,23,24) rotary relative to each other and enclosed in a pressure-proof refiner housing (20). Steam is separated from the fibre pulp in the refiner housing (20) at the counter-effect of centrifugal forces generated by radial wing members (40) on a rotary refining member (23,24). The steam is led off separately from the refiner housing (20) through a steam outlet (42), which communicates with a space (41) radially inside of the wing members (40). The fibre pulp is discharged separately through a discharge device (50,60,70,80,90) while in the refiner housing the desired pressure is maintained.

Abstract: A pulp dewatering apparatus is constructed of two press rolls arranged juxtaposed to define a nip region. At least one of the press rolls is constructed of a perforated metal outer shell surrounding a substantially rigid inner roll body. A layer of elastic material is disposed between the rigid roll body and the perforated metal shell to provide a resilient member. As a result of the elastic material, this press roll will deform during the dewatering operation to provide an extended nip region of about 3 to 5% of the overall press roll diameter.

Abstract: An apparatus having a liquid-permeable belt for receiving cellulose pulp, a liquid supply device for discharging treatment liquid on the cellulose pulp, and a container extending across the entire width of the belt for collecting treatment liquid penetrating the belt. The container is adapted to maintain a treatment liquid level at such a distance from the belt so that the formation of foam from treatment liquid is reduced. The container includes a liquid outlet for discharging the treatment liquid and a vapour outlet for discharging vapours and gases from the bottom of the container. The vapour outlet communicates with a passageway within the container, which passageway is formed as a pipe or is partially defined by a container wall. A deflector can be provided on the container for operatively deflecting treatment liquid away from the passageway.

Abstract: A method for producing mechanical pulps which are useful for producing coated light weight paper, magazine paper and the like, is disclosed, which includes preheating lignocellulose-containing material in the presence of impregnation chemicals, refining the preheated lignocellulose-containing material utiilizing a pair of counter-rotating refining discs under pressure, bleaching the thus produced partially refined lignocellulose-containing material, and refining the bleached material in a second refining step utilizing a pair of refining discs, one of which is stationary and the other which is rotating under pressure.

Abstract: Processes for treating waste paper containing aluminum and having a high lignin content are disclosed, including producing an aqueous pulp suspension of the waste paper, screening the pulp suspension, dewatering the pulp so as to produce a first white water stream including most of the aluminum, delignifying the pulp suspension with oxygen, separating a portion of the aqueous liquid from the delignified pulp to produce a separated pulp stream and a second white water stream which is substantially free of aluminum, transferring the separated pulp to a paper mill, diluting the separated pulp stream with a dilution liquid stream in the paper mill, evaporating the second white water stream, and transferring at least a major part of the first white water stream to the paper mill for use as the dilution liquid therein.

Abstract: Apparatus for the mixing of gas bubbles into fiber suspensions in order to remove impurities from the fiber suspension by means of flotation is disclosed, including an inlet, an outlet including diverging upper and lower walls, an intermediate mixing section including upper and lower wall surfaces and a wing suspended between them in order to create upper and lower passages in the intermediate mixing section, the wing including an initial diverging portion, a central portion and a subsequent converging portion so that the central portion has a maximum thickness corresponding to the minimum transverse dimension for the upper and lower passages, the converging portion of the wing corresponding with the diverging upper and lower wall portions of the outlet so that the upper and lower passages diverge substantially symmetrically in the direction of flow, and an aperture for injecting a gas such as air at a location corresponding to the central portion of the wing.

Abstract: A modified batch cooking technique for making sulfate pulp with a high degree of delignification or with a normal degree of delignification but with increased pulp viscosity. This is effected by one or several displacements of the liquor in the digester with liquor of the same temperature as the cooking liquor but with a lower lignin content.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring the gap between pairs of relatively rotating refiner discs is disclosed, including a transmitter incorporated into the face of a rotating refiner disc for producing a measurement signal in response to changes in reluctance corresponding to changes in the gap, a circuit for supplying the current to the transmitter, including a transformer for contact-free transfer of the current to the transmitter, a stationary receiver for receiving the measurement signal generated by the transmitter, and a signal transmitter for contact-free transfer of the measurement signal to the stationary receiver.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a stand with two end rolls, over which an endless perforated steel web runs. A head box for the pulp is located at the first end roll, and a device for picking-up the treated pulp is located at the second end roll. Along the web means are provided for supplying treatment liquid to the pulp layer. Beneath the web, in the stand vacuum containers are attached detachably for receiving liquid. These containers are individually lowerable and in lowered position movable in the longitudinal direction of the web. The stand further is designed to permit the removal in lateral direction of a container lowered in this way.

Abstract: A screw feeder with a reversibly rotating axle (14) for feeding material in a definite direction. The axle (14) is provided with feed elements (21,25) having two feeding flanks, each formed as a portion of a right-hand and, respectively, left-hand thread screw. The feed elements (21,25) preferably are attached on annular members (20,24), which are arranged one after the other along the axle (14). Each feed element (21,25) is rotatable about the axle (14) through a definite angle in relation to adjacent feed elements, so that the feed direction is maintained irrespective of the rotation direction of the axle (14). At least one of the feed elements being operably coupled to the axle for rotation therewith.

Abstract: A refiner comprising a disc-shaped carrier (11,12,31,32) provided with refiner segments (20,21,41,42) in a ring extending all about. The refiner segments are retained on the carrier by cams (22) and grooves (23) which keyingly engage with each other. Each refiner segment (20,21,41,42) further is locked individually on the carrier (11,12,31,32) by means of a separate movable locking member (24), which is located in the carrier and co-operates with a recess (25,47,52) in the rear surface of the refiner segment.

Abstract: A refiner for manufacturing fibre pulp from lignocellulose-containing material, comprising a pressure-proof refiner housing (20) with opposed refining members (21,22) rotating relative to each other. Steam is separated from the fibre pulp in the refiner housing (20) at the counter-effect of a fibre separating rotor (30) provided with wing members (31) and located on the rear side of a rotatable refining member (22). The steam is thereafter compressed in at least one step by means of this rotor (30) and possibly subsequent turbine wheels (34).