Abstract: A method of controlling a catalytic exhaust system having a first catalytic unit located upstream of a second catalytic unit includes i) providing a relationship between the temperature of the first catalytic unit, an amount of NH3 stored in the second catalytic unit, and a corresponding limit value of the amount of NH3 permitted in the first catalytic unit; ii) measuring or estimating the amount of NH3 in the second catalytic unit; iii) measuring or estimating the temperature of the first catalytic unit; iv) using the relationship and measured/estimated parameters of steps ii and iii to provide the limit value for the amount of NH3 to be stored in the first catalytic unit; and v) using the parameter from iv in the control of the catalytic exhaust system.

Abstract: A method of controlling the commutation of a brushless direct current motor includes providing sensors which provide a variable output dependent on rotational angle or the relative position of the stator and rotor of the motor. Output from the sensors is sampled at a time between a past commutation event and the next commutation event to be implemented. An angular position between the rotor and stator is determined at the time. The time of the next commutation event is determined based on the next commutation angle, motor speed, and the determined angular position.

Abstract: A device for controlling a camshaft phaser includes a hydraulic element with a body, a slide assembly having a slide body, and a valve assembly with a first valve, a second valve, and a third valve. The device also includes an actuator which moves along a longitudinal axis between 1) a first position in which the first valve opens or closes a first fluid communication, 2) a second position in which the second valve and the tray open or close a second fluid communication, and 3) a third position in which the third valve and the slide body open or close a third fluid communication between a retard port and a retard chamber.

Abstract: A control screw for a camshaft phase shifter of an internal combustion engine extends along a longitudinal axis. The control screw includes a screw body. The control screw also includes a tubular spool assembly having a control valve assembly with at least three rigid rings and at least two valves. Each valve includes at least one vane connected to two flexible arms. The valve is connected to two consecutive rigid rings.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the velocity of a pintle assembly in a solenoid fuel injector during a closing stroke of the pintle assembly, such that a braking step is performed during the closing stroke, which includes operating an injector driver with a current regulator to establish a braking current in the solenoid coil. The velocity of the pintle assembly is derived from the duty-cycle of the current regulator during the braking step. A method of operating a solenoid fuel injector, in particular for gaseous fuel, using the so-determined pintle velocity is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing device for sealing and vibration isolation intended to plug the space between a heat exchanger and a pipe of a ventilation and air-conditioning system of a vehicle. The sealing device includes a thin closed frame, an inner seal able to plug the inner space situated between the frame and the exchanger, an outer seal able to plug the outer space situated between the frame and the pipe, inner vibration-damping studs extending from the inner face of the frame and being able to be in contact with the heat exchanger, outer vibration-damping studs extending from the outer face of the frame and being able to be in contact with the pipe for circulation of air, inner and outer studs together isolating the pipe from the exchanger, the inner and outer seals and the inner and outer studs being attached to the frame.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine includes an ignition transformer with two primary windings. The ignition system is designed to generate, for a given ignition event, a unipolar current through the secondary winding by way of a control circuit that is configured to first energize and deenergize the first primary winding to establish a first electrical arc across the spark-plug electrodes and, when the current in the secondary winding reaches, or drops below, a current threshold, repeatedly energizes and deenergizes the second primary winding to establish a plurality of second current pulses across the electrodes in order to maintain the burn phase.