Abstract: In one aspect, a highly scalable diffusion-couple apparatus includes a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber. The process chamber is configured to receive the wafer substrate from the transfer chamber. The process chamber comprises a chamber for growth of a diffusion material on the wafer. A heatable bottom disk includes a first heating mechanism. The heatable bottom disk is fixed and heatable to a specified temperature. The wafer is placed on the heatable bottom disk. A heatable top disk comprising a second heating mechanism. The heatable top disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer on the heatable bottom disk. While the heatable top disk applies the mechanical pressure, a chamber pressure is maintained at a specified low value. The first heating mechanism and the second heating mechanism can be independently tuned to any value in the working range.

Abstract: An interconnection structure, including: a first BEOL (Back-End-Of-Line) level which includes a first MLG (Multi-Layer Graphene) layer which includes at least one first line structure of MLG material; and a first isolation layer which includes an electrically isolating material and is disposed above and beside the at least one first line structure of MLG material; a second BEOL level which includes a second MLG layer (includes MLG material) disposed above the first isolation layer; a connection path electrically connecting first MLG layer to second MLG layer; and at least one via with serrated edges mitigating misalignment impacts and providing low via to line contact resistance, where the connection path includes one of the at least one via, where a width of the at least one first line structure of MLG material is greater than a diameter of the one of the at least one via, and where both MLG layers are intercalation doped.

Abstract: In one aspect, a highly scalable diffusion-couple apparatus includes a transfer chamber configured to load a wafer into a process chamber. The process chamber is configured to receive the wafer substrate from the transfer chamber. The process chamber comprises a chamber for growth of a diffusion material on the wafer. A heatable bottom substrate disk includes a first heating mechanism. The heatable bottom substrate disk is fixed and heatable to a specified temperature. The wafer is placed on the heatable bottom substrate disk. A heatable top substrate disk comprising a second heating mechanism. The heatable top substrate disk is configured to move up and down along an x axis and an x prime axis to apply a mechanical pressure to the wafer on the heatable bottom substrate disk. While the heatable top substrate disk applies the mechanical pressure a chamber pressure is maintained at a specified low value.