Abstract: A preheater for particulate material comprising a cylindrical refractory lined vessel with top feed and exhaust offtake. The preheater diameter is enlarged below the offtake so that the sloping material forms an area surrounded by ports which receive hot gases from the kiln. The lower portion of the preheater is conical, leading toward a small central discharge point. This portion constitutes a soaking zone in which heat is allowed to penetrate the material.