Abstract: A pivot drive for quick and precisely positioned rotational movements around a limited angle value comprises one or more rods with a cross-section which is not warping-free and one or more actuators for the introduction of longitudinal forces into the rods. The longitudinal forces generate warping in the rods so that the rod ends rotate relative to one another. Each rod is constructed in the form of a tube and has a continuous slot arranged in its longitudinal direction.

Abstract: In a wing with wing shells with good shear strength made of fibrous composite materials, particularly fiber-reinforced plastics, for aircraft, members taking up tensile and compressive forces are attached to the inside of the wing shells. These members have unidirectional fibers extending longitudinally of the wing. Stringers spaced longitudinally of the wing are provided on the inside of the wing shells, their fiber component being formed by a fiber ply joined to the fiber ply of the wing shell. Unidirectional fibre bundles are arranged between spaced stringers, the bundles being embedded with good shear strength in the synthetic resin matrix of the wing shells, extending longitudinally of the wing and having a substantially rectangular cross-section.

Abstract: A current collector for transmitting energy between a contact wire and a motor coach having at least one collector shoe (1) and at least one suspension spring (16) with a positive stiffness, the suspension spring supporting the collector shoe which lies with a contact force from below and against the contact wire. The suspension spring (16) is arranged in parallel with a correction spring (17), the correction spring having a negative stiffness in a zero-crossing of its spring characteristic curve, which coincides with the spring travel of the suspension spring (16), which spring travel corresponds to the desired contact force.

Abstract: A rotor blade made of fiber-reinforced synthetic resin has a profile which, at least in the region of the blade tip is designed so as to be twistable by actuators about the rotor blade longitudinal axis. The torsion skin of the rotor blade in the region of the blade tip is designed anisotropically in the sense of a tension/torsion coupling and a controllable actuator, which acts in a longitudinal direction of the rotor blade upon the rotor blade tip, is disposed in the rotor blade spar. To achieve anisotropy, the torsion skin is a uni-directional winding having a winding angle of less than 45.degree. relative to the rotor blade longitudinal axis. The winding angle is dependent upon the force-to-displacement ratio of the actuator and may lie between 18.degree. and 40.degree.. In the region of the blade tip, the anisotropic torsion skin is disposed resting loosely on the rotor blade spar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiation dosimeter comprising a sensor arranged in a dosimeter casing and including at least one measuring field and a calibrating zone (64). To provide a dosimeter which can be readily manufactured and comprises a wide measuring range with high precision, it is provided, according to the invention, that the calibrating zone (64) of the sensor (56) is inserted into a radiation-shielded clearance (66) of a double-wall element (68) being formed by folding a radiation-proof web-like material.

Abstract: A device (1) for converting rotary movement into axial movement has a spindle (8), a spindle nut (5) surrounding the spindle (8), and a plurality of interposed rollers (7). Each of the rollers has a groove profile (72) corresponding to a thread (81) on the spindle (8), and roller grooves (71) corresponding to spindle grooves (51) formed on the interior of the spindle nut (5). The converter device is driven by a drive unit such as an electric motor (4), either via the elements spindle nut (5) and spindle (8) or, with an interposed connection element, via the rolling elements or rollers (7). The converter device has a reset device with a mechanical energy accumulator (21) and an energy delimiter (22). Energy transfer takes place from the electric motor (4) via the energy delimiter (22) to the energy accumulator (21) connected to a casing (3) or vice versa.

Abstract: A rod with a tubular, fibre-composite wall, cut into two parts has actively controllable, pressure- and tension-generating elements which are effective in an axial direction of the rod, provided therebetween. An exterior pressure-generating element, which effects an elongation, takes the form of a cylindrical ring and is disposed on the outside of the rod elements. For the cylindrical ring, stop shoulders are formed on the outside of each of the rod elements. A second force-generating element is disposed inside the rod. Disposed in each of the two rod elements are loops or bends which are axially fixed to the rod elements and are guided around the axially opposite ends of the second force-generating element so that they in each case overlap or extend around the end of the second element which is directed axially away from the rod element in which the loops are fixed. Upon elongation of the second element, tensile forces are exerted upon the two rod elements and draw said two rod elements together.

Abstract: The radiation dosimeter for the detection/and or dosimetry of radiation, particularly UV radiation, is provided with a housing comprising an opening. A sensor device sensitive to the radiation of interest is arranged below the diffuser cover layer (10). The diffuser cover layer (10) covers an opening and is transmissive at least to the radiation of interest.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for forming the square root of an input signal in at least one quadrant. The input signal is fed to the input of a first differential amplifier, the current outputs of which work on two diodes. The two outputs of the first differential amplifier are also connected to the inputs of a second differential amplifier, from one output of which there is a feedback via a diode to one of the outputs of the first differential amplifier. The collectors of the second differential amplifier work on current sources.

Abstract: In a method for determing the velocity of a flow seeded with particles reflecting light, the particles located in a light sheet (4) are illuminated with monochromatic light (5). The doppler-shifted frequency of the light reflected sideways out of the light sheet (4) by the particles is determined, and the velocity of the flow is determined from the doppler-shifted frequency. The un-shifted frequency of the monochromatic light with which the particles in the light sheet are illuminated is determined continously, and is used as a basis for the determination of the velocity of the flow from the doppler-shifted frequency.

Abstract: A surgical instrument for one-handed preparation of an anastomosis in minimally invasive surgery has, from the distal end to the proximal end, an interchangeable insertion head (1), a staple holder (30) with U-shaped staples and with a circular groove with thread placed in it, an ejector unit, an gently bendable, adjustable and fixable joint (6), an annular knife retained on the ejector unit, a hollow-cylindrical holder part that is axially displaceable in the annular knife and has a number of elastically resilient, radially pivotable gripper and holder arms (20), a circular-cylindrical shaft (7) mounted on the proximal end of the joint (6), an adjusting and fixing device (8) with a hand wheel (80) mounted on the proximal end of the hollow shaft, and a handle (9) with a toggle lever mechanism (90, 93) pivotably connected to it. (FIG. 1).

Abstract: In connection with a method for image generation by means of two-dimensional data processing, received SAR data are multiplied by a phase correction (H.sub.mc) for a reference range (r.sub.ref) for the insertion of a motion compensation and for processing at a high drift angle, and an additional cubic phase term is inserted for compensating a range migration. The entire range migration is then eliminated by means of an additional linear frequency displacement; subsequently the SAR data are transformed back into the "range-Doppler" domain. A remaining phase error, created by a "chirp scaling" correction, is corrected, the SAR data are transformed back into the time domain and a phase correction as a function of the range is performed by multiplication for the exact motion compensation in the time domain. The one-dimensional reference function is performed in the frequency domain for azimuth compression, by means of which two-dimensional SAR data are obtained.

Abstract: A digital particle image velovimetry (DPIV) method for contactless measurement of three dimensional flow velocities comprising the steps of seeding a flow with tracer particles; repeatedly illuminating a plane-like interrogation volume of the seeded flow; projecting the repeatedly illuminated interrogation volume onto at least a photo sensor in a projection direction for recording pictures of the illuminated interrogation volume; and determining the three dimensional flow velocities from the pictures of the repeatedly illuminated interrogation volume recorded by the photo sensor. The plane-like interrogation volume of the invention comprises at least two partial volumes positioned parallelly parallel to each other with regard to the projection direction. The step of repeatedly illuminating the interrogation volume comprises the step of illuminating the partial volumes in such a way that the pictures of different partial volumes are distinguishable from each other.

Abstract: A method for correction of influence of alternating voltage coupling in a signal chain of scanning opto-electronic sensors on radiometric data thereof is carried out by firstly ascertaining, and storing, characteristic times from the time constant of a RC-circuit of the signal chain of the respective spectral channel, a line scanning frequency and a number of image elements per scanline. A preliminary correction in the form of a recursive inverse RC-filtering of the sampling values is then performed for each image element of a channel with its characteristic time, and the preliminary corrected image data are intermediately stored channel-by-channel and line-by-line. In the case of the use of a dark reference source completely independent of external radiation, corrected pixel values are computed immediately and directly on the basis of the preliminarily corrected and intermediately stored image data with the aid of dark reference signals present at the sensor output for each channel.

Abstract: A black body radiator for calibrating infrared measuring devices in the form of a heatable body is heated by means of a heating foil in the form of a metallic electrically excellently conducting heating coil embedded in a plastic sheet. The heating foil is adhered in excellently thermally conductive manner to a rear surface of the heatable body of the black body radiator. At a slight distance from and slightly inclined to the heating foil surface an infrared-radiation-reflecting mirror is arranged. The mirror reflects the radiation coming from the heating coil and incident thereon into the intermediate spaces of the heating coil so that the radiation passes through the heating foil and is absorbed by the rear side of the black radiator. The intermediate space between the heatable body and the mirror is evacuated. Furthermore, the rear side of the mirror and a holder are provided with a thermal insulation, for example in the form of ceramic paper.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for signal processing of discrete or continuous signals of at least one CCD component, includes a multiplexer which receives the signals for processing and has an output, a pre-amplifier having an input connected to the output of the multiplexer, and further having an output. Two sample and hold circuits are provided that each have an input connected to the output of the pre-amplifier, each of the sample and hold circuits further having an output. An operational amplifier is provided having a non-inverting input connected to the output of a first of the sample and hold circuits, and an inverting input connected to the output of a second of the sample and hold circuits, the operational amplifier further has an output. A digital-analog converter having an output connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier and puts out a correction signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for short-range position determination of aircraft, used for preventing errors in radar mapping from position inaccuracies, finds velocity in the x-direction (flight direction) by integrating accelerometer outputs. The accelerometer values are averaged over a time interval and then the average is subtracted from the instantaneous signal value; this difference, called adjusted acceleration, is integrated over time to yield a velocity. In turn, this velocity is time-averaged and the time average is subtracted from the instantaneous velocity. The resulting adjustment velocity is subtracted from the output of aircraft speedometer, and the difference is used to generate estimates of the average aircraft speed and acceleration by the method of least squares. These estimates are used to create a speed correction term for correcting the flight speed.

Abstract: To determine the size of airborne water droplets having a diameter from approximately 1 to 100 .mu.m, if such water droplets move at a velocity of 50 to 150 m/s relative to a measuring probe and strike it,in the probe body, whose front face toward the flow has a vapor-deposited platinum film, approximately 0.5 .mu.m thick, whose temperature is kept constant at above 100.degree. C. by means of a bridge circuit;an analog voltage output signal of the bridge circuit is digitized and then further processed, with the aid of an evaluation computer program, among others, andwith the aid of a formula (in accordance with equation (6)) derived from an energy balance for a droplet striking a platinum film, determines the droplet diameter from analyzed identifying variables of a droplet signal and from other known parameters.

Abstract: In a method for the detection, localization and velocity determination of moving targets from raw radar data from a coherent, single- or multi-channel image system (SAR), for representing the surface of the earth with different backscatter ratios, chronologically successive azimuth spectra are continuously formed during a defined period of time and a frequency shift of the backscatter ratio portion is obtained by determining the position of the maximum of the correlations between respectively two azimuth spectra formed chronologically directly in succession. Then the frequency shifts of the entire raw radar data set are evaluated for producing a frequency shift map.By searching for values deviating from the nominal Doppler rate in the Doppler rate map, a respective moving target is detected and the center of an image of the detected moving target is formed from this.

Abstract: The extensometer comprises a basic body (18) which carries two tap legs (12) which abut a specimen (16) to be measured so as to be frictionally locked thereto. Due to the frictional contact, the tap legs (12) move relative to each other when the specimen is subjected to external stresses. Via a signal transmitter (24), this movement of the tap legs (12) is detected. The extensometer (10) is floatingly supported by introducing gas in the clearance between a baffle body (36) connected to the extensometer (10) and a stationary support member (28) toward the baffle body (36). On the one hand, the upbuilding gas cushion presses the extensometer (10) with its tap legs (12) against the specimen (16) so as to be frictionally locked thereto and, on the other hand, permits pivoting of the extensometer (10) corresponding to the movement of the measuring points.