Abstract: A method for designing an aircraft includes defining an initial catalog of requirements for at least one aircraft design. An optimization of the at least one aircraft design is carried out based on the catalog of requirements in terms of anticipated operating costs. A predefined total flight network is simulated with the at least one aircraft design and a total flight network efficiency is determined. It is then checked as to whether the determined total flight network efficiency constitutes an optimum. The catalog of requirements is adapted and an iteration is performed upon a determination that the determined total flight network efficiency does not constitute the optimum.

Abstract: A method for simulating the development over time of bookings situations for flights. It is proposed that a first number of hard parameters which include at least one flight schedule between at least two departure and arrival points, and a second number of soft parameters which include at least one fare for a flight between the at least two departure and arrival points, are provided, as well as a virtual environment which constitutes a representation of a real environment in which virtual passengers book flights under conditions defined in each case by the parameters. The pattern over time of the totality of all bookings is recorded and can be displayed on a display device and wherein a user influences the respective bookings situations by prior adjustment of at least one of the soft parameters.

Abstract: Passengers are transported in a cabin of a passenger aircraft in an upright position. For this purpose the aircraft cabin is equipped with passenger stands. Each stand has a passenger backing and a safety belt, preferably a three-point safety belt. The stands are positioned in a standing room area of the cabin which has a sufficient vertical clearance between floor and ceiling for accommodating passengers in the upright position. The passenger backing has preferably a shell-shape forming a back support as a lean-against portion and at least one side portion for privacy. The shell or flat backing wall may itself be connected either directly or through a post for an angular adjustment relative to the forward flight direction.

Abstract: For removal of a painted surface (12), a rotating head (18) provided on a housing (10) is used, said rotating head (18) being provided with nozzles (19,20) which said nozzles (19,20) discharge high-energy jets (39) under high pressure towards the surface (12). The rotating head (18) is set into rotation by the recoil of the discharged high-energy jets. On the rotating head (18) an impeller (30) is secured constituting a centrifugal pump for the discharging of liquids in the housing (10).

Abstract: Niobium is electrochemically or chemically coated by subjecting work pieces made of niobium to a blast treatment with aluminium oxide, a treatment with an alkaline cyanide bath, a preliminary nickel deposition treatment using an acidic nickel chloride bath, another treatment with an alkaline cyanide bath, and thereafter to an electrochemical or chemical coating treatment with the desired metal in a per se known manner. To properties of the coatings, more specifically, satisfy the requirements as set for supra-conductive materials.