Abstract: The present invention relates to an interval width update process in arithmetic coding, characterized in thata set of values ={A[0],A[1], . . . ,A[r-1]}, is selected and the interval width is maintained as an index Wi in said set,a single table lookup simultaneously updates the interval width and supplies the augend and shift by performing the following operation:(Wi+1, Xi, Ri)=.function."(Si, Wi)in which the function .function." is implemented by a single table lookup, in which p(Si) and P(Si) are determined from Si, A[Wi] is determined from Wi, p(Si).multidot.A[Wi] and Ri=P(Si).multidot.A[Wi] are computed, the shift Xi necessary for representing p(Si).multidot.A[Wi].multidot.2.sup.Xi in is determined. Wi+1 is determined in such a way that A[Wi+1] is the best representative of p(Si).multidot.A[Wi].multidot.2.sup.Xi, followed by return to Wi+1, Xi and Ri.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip test jig for testing a chip 10 with "gull-wing" leads 11 comprises a body 20 and a cover 30. The body 20 has sets of fins or combs 23 which engage with the leads 11 to locate the chip 10 in the horizontal plane; the cover 30 has a set of "knife-edge" lead supports 35 formed to match a trim and form jig in the region of the leads 11 from where they emerge from the encapsulation of the chip 10 to their first bends; and the body 20 has a set of spring-loaded pins 24 which contact the leads opposite the lead supports.

Abstract: A style of document format known as compound document architecture is known, in which a document is broken up into a tree of objects or segments (e.g. document: chapter: subtitle: para: para: etc.), possible with a second layout tree. Two styles of such architecture are ODA and CDA. Conversion from CDA to ODA presents difficulties, as in CDA, a segment can contain e.g. text and graphic elements, while ODA has stricter formatting rules. One of a plurality of DAPs (Document Application Profiles) 12 is selected, depending on which subset of full ODA is being used. The DAP contains a structure converter component which starts to construct the objects of the ODA document. When an information element is reached (text, graphics, etc.), it is sent to the appropriate one of a set of content handlers 13. These call back to callback units (text, graphics, footnote, etc.