Abstract: A process for enzymatic preparation of cellooligosaccharide from a cellulose-base substance by the action of cellulase produced by an microorganism belonging to the Genus Cellvibrio, wherein an ultrafiltration reactor is used in combination, so that production inhibition can be removed and cellooligosaccharide can be formed and accumulated. The present process permits preparation of cellobiose in high yield and is very advantageous from an industrial standpoint.

Abstract: Different from conventional heterogeneous multiple-branched cyclodextrins having branches derived from the same kind of saccharide molecule, the inventive heterogeneous multiple-branched cyclodextrin has branches derived from different kinds of saccharides of, one, glucose and, the other, a maltooligosaccharide. The inventive heterogeneous multiple-branched cyclodextrins are more stable than conventional ones and useful as an ingredient of medical, foodstuff and cosmetic preparations. The heterogeneous multiple-branched cyclodextrin can be prepared from a mixture of a maltooligosaccharide and a glucosyl cyclodextrin by the reverse action of debranching enzyme.

Abstract: The invention provides an efficient enzymatic method for the preparation of branched cyclodextrins such as glucosyl and maltosyl cyclodextrins. The inventive method comprises the enzymatic reaction of a branch-splitting enzyme and .beta.-amylase simultaneously with a mixture of a cyclodextrin and starch. Alternatively, a branched cyclodextrin is obtained from a mixture of a cyclodextrin and maltose in an enzymatic reaction with pullulanase, optionally, with admixture of an alcohol such as ethyl and propyl alcohols or a glycol such as ethyleneglycol and propyleneglycol to the reaction mixture. A glucosyl cyclodextrin can be obtained by the steps of first subjecting a mixture of a cyclodextrin and maltose to an enzymatic reaction with pullulanase and then subjecting the reaction product to a second enzymatic reaction in the presence of an enzyme mixture composed of takaamylase and glucoamylase and yeast.

Abstract: A process for the separation of one or more kinds of solute in a cryohydrate characterized in that a cryohydrate obtained by freezing a solution together with a high tensile member is passed through pressure-application zones whose inner sectional area is reduced toward the direction in which the high tensile member is pulled to thereby separate fractions having high solute contents from fractions having low solute contents, and apparatus therefor.