Abstract: A display structure (1000) and a display device are disclosed. The display structure (1000) comprises a waveguide (1100) and a diffractive out-coupling grating (1200). The out-coupling grating (1200) comprises a plurality of ridges (1210). Each of the ridges (1210) comprises a first layer and a second layer. The second layer extends from the first face in a direction forming a slant angle with the thickness direction of the waveguide.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method (100) for fabricating a blazed grating. The method (100) comprises providing a substrate and a patterned mask layer (110) on the substrate, performing primary dry etching (120) of the substrate such that primary ions are accelerated towards a primary etch direction to impinge on the substrate, and performing secondary dry etching (150) of the substrate such that secondary ions are accelerated towards a secondary etch direction to impinge on the substrate. A primary projection of the primary etch direction and a secondary projection of the secondary etch direction onto the grating cross-sectional plane extend perpendicular to one and the other of a blaze facet direction and an anti-blaze facet direction, respectively, and ions accelerated towards a direction with a projection onto a grating cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the blaze facet direction are collimated to form a collimated ion beam for etching the substrate.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a display structure (100) comprises a waveguide (101); an in-coupling structure (102) configured to couple a set of input beams into the waveguide as a set of in-coupled beams; an exit pupil expansion structure (103) located on a first side (201) of the waveguide (101) and configured to receive the set of in-coupled beams and to diffract the set of in-coupled beams in a plurality of directions, producing a diffracted set of beams; and an out-coupling structure (104) located on a second side (202) of the waveguide (101) opposite to the first side (201) and configured to receive, from the exit pupil expansion structure (103), at least the diffracted set of beams, to out-couple at least the diffracted set of beams from the waveguide (101) as a set of output beams, and to not out-couple the set of in-coupled beams.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical waveguide arrangement comprising an in¬coupling structure (103) arranged to diffract an incoming light signal having a spectral characteristic in visible spectrum into a first version of the light signal with a first polarization and a second version of the light signal with a second polarization, wherein the first polarization is at least partially orthogonal compared to the second polarization, and the in-coupling structure (103) is further arranged to diffractively couple the first and the second versions of the light signal into an optical waveguide (110) and the optical waveguide (110) arranged to convey the first version of the light signal with the first polarization and the second version of the light signal with the second polarization towards an eye (120), to generate a waveguide-based display.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a master template (20) of a grating of a diffractive optic element. A layer (250) of material (200) is deposited on a substrate (108) of the master template (180) through perforations (204) of a plate (202), cross sectional areas of the perforations (204) depending on locations of the perforations (204) in the plate (202), and the plate (202) and the substrate (108) being spaced at a non-zero distance (D) from each other. Height of the at least one layer (250) on the substrate (108) is caused to vary with variation of the areas of the perforations (204). Raised formations (180) are formed on the substrate (108) by removing the at least one layer (250) from areas, which result in lowered formations (182) between the raised formations (180).

Abstract: A display structure (1000), a display device, and a vehicle are disclosed. The display structure (1000) comprises a waveguide (1100), an in-coupling structure (1200), a diffractive primary exit pupil expansion structure (1300), a diffractive secondary exit pupil expansion structure (1400) configured to receive from the primary exit pupil expansion structure (1300) a set of transition beams (1040), and an out-coupling structure (1600) arranged towards a second light guiding direction (1002) from the primary exit pupil expansion structure (1300) and from the secondary exit pupil expansion structure (1400).

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical waveguide arrangement comprising an optical system configured to generate a configurable image encoded in a light field, at least one optical waveguide, arranged to receive light from the light field and to convey the light to plural locations in the optical waveguide for release, generating a waveguide-based display, wherein the optical system comprises a set of light sources, each one of the light sources being configured to generate light of a distinct spectral characteristic in visible spectrum, and wherein the optical system is configured to generate a same colour in two angular aspects of the light field using two different combinations of the light sources.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical waveguide arrangement comprising an optical system configured to generate a configurable image encoded in a lightfield, at least one optical waveguide, arranged to receive light from the light field and to convey the light to plural locations in the optical waveguide for release, generating a waveguide-based display, the optical system comprises a light source with wavelength ?1, wherein the optical waveguide, comprises a notch filter element with a stop-band at wavelength ?1?, disposed on an outer surface of the optical waveguide to prevent leakage of light from the light field, wherein the stop-band at wavelength ?1? filters light of wavelength ?1 incident on the notch filter element at a first angle of incidence.

Abstract: This document discloses a solution for an optical waveguide for an augmented reality display device. According to an aspect, the optical waveguide comprises: a substrate arranged to guide an optical image inside the substrate from an inlet to an outlet of the optical waveguide via a plurality of reflections; a surface relief grating at the inlet or the outlet of the optical waveguide, the surface relief grating guiding the image in the optical waveguide via diffraction and comprising a plurality of grooves; a coating disposed on the surface relief grating and filling at least partially at least one groove disposed at an edge of the surface relief grating where the image is coincident with the at least one groove after a first reflection of the image inside the substrate, the coating having optical characteristics convergent with optical characteristics of the substrate.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a stamp for imprint lithography defines a desired shape for a curable resin, wherein the stamp is at least partially transparent to electromagnetic radiation used to cure the curable resin, and wherein the stamp comprises at least one diffuser structure for diffusing the electromagnetic radiation as the electromagnetic radiation propagates through the stamp.

Abstract: The invention concerns a diffractive waveguide element for a personal display device, the element comprising a waveguide body (21), and at least two grating regions (23, 24) arranged on the waveguide body (21), at least some of the grating regions adapted to expand the exit pupil of the element. According to the invention, the grating regions (23, 24) are positioned with respect to each other so that and are provided with gratings having different grating vectors so that the grating regions (23, 24) interact to combine the functions of exit pupil expansion and outcoupling on at least some parts of the element. The invention allows for efficient use of waveguide area.

Abstract: The invention concerns a diffractive element, a method of producing a viewable image and an optical device. The element comprises a waveguide and a diffractive out-coupling region arranged on a surface or inside the waveguide, the out-coupling region comprising a plurality of sub-regions arranged laterally with respect to each other and being adapted to couple light propagating in the waveguide out of the waveguide. According to the invention, the sub-regions each comprise a doubly periodic grating pattern having a first period in a first direction and a second period in a second direction different from the first direction, and wherein there are at least two sub-regions having different grating patterns. The invention allows for combining out-coupling and exit pupil expansion on a single region of a waveguide.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a display component comprises a waveguide, an in-coupling structure configured to couple a set of input beams into the waveguide as a first set of in-coupled beams associated with a first set of in-coupled k vectors lying in a first domain in k-space; an exit pupil expansion structure comprising a hexagonal diffractive grating and configured to diffract the first set of in-coupled beams in a first plurality of directions in k-space to form three sets of guided beams associated with three sets of k vectors lying in a first set of three domains; an out-coupling structure configured to receive a first diffracted set of beams associated with a diffracted set of k-vectors lying in at least one of the domains in the first set of three domains, and to out-couple the first diffracted set of beams from the waveguide.

Abstract: A display structure (1000), a display device, and a vehicle are disclosed. The display structure (1000) comprises a waveguide (1100); an in-coupling structure (1200) configured to in-couple a set of in-coupled beams (1021); a diffractive exit pupil expansion structure (1300) configured to receive and diffract the set of in-coupled beams (1021) to form a first set of guided beams (1031) and a second set of guided beams (1032); and a diffractive out-coupling structure (1400) configured to receive from the exit pupil expansion structure (1300) a first diffracted set of beams (1041) and a second diffracted set of beams (1042) and to out-couple light from the first diffracted set of beams (1041) and from the second diffracted set of beams (1042).

Abstract: A waveguide (1000) configured to propagate light (1001) by total internal reflection, a display device, as well as a method and an apparatus for forming a waveguide are disclosed. The waveguide (1000) comprises a waveguide body (1100) comprising a first face (1110) and a second face (1120) opposite the first face (1110); and a coating (1200) on the first face (1110), the coating (1200) comprising an outer surface (1210) facing away from the first face (1110). The first face (1110) comprises a curved interface region (1111) between the waveguide body (1100) and the coating (1200), and the outer surface (1210) comprises a curved outer region (1211) opposite the interface region (1111). The outer region (1211) comprises a patterned region (1212), and the coating (1200) comprises on the outer surface (1210) a surface relief structure (1220) defining the patterned region (1212).

Abstract: A display structure and a display device are disclosed. The display structure includes a waveguide having a first face and a second face and an out-coupling grating arranged on the first face and configured to couple light out via the second face. The out-coupling grating includes a primary ridge having a first end facing a secondary lateral direction, a first ridge portion extending towards a primary lateral direction opposite to the secondary lateral direction from the first end, a second end facing the primary lateral direction, and a second ridge portion extending towards the secondary lateral direction from the second end. The first ridge portion has a first height, h1, and the second ridge portion has a second height, h2, less than the first height, h1.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an optical waveguide arrangement comprises: at least one light source arranged to transmit light signals to at least one optical waveguide of the optical waveguide arrangement The at least one optical waveguide is arranged to receive the light signals from the at least one light source and to convey the light signals, to generate a waveguide-based display, to generate a first image at a first focal plane of the optical waveguide arrangement when at least some of the received light signals have a set of first spectral characteristics and to generate a second image at a second focal plane of the optical waveguide arrangement when at least some of the received light signals have a set of second spectral characteristics, at least one spectral characteristic of the set of first spectral characteristics being different from the set of second spectral characteristics.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an optical engine, a display structure, a display device, and a vehicle. The optical engine comprises an illumination arrangement comprising a first light source configured to emit first light having a first peak wavelength and a superluminescent light source configured to emit second light having a second peak wavelength different from the first peak wavelength.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an optical waveguide arrangement comprising an in¬coupling structure (103) arranged to diffract an incoming light signal having a spectral characteristic in visible spectrum into a first version of the light signal with a first polarization and a second version of the light signal with a second polarization, wherein the first polarization is at least partially orthogonal compared to the second polarization, and the in-coupling structure (103) is further arranged to diffractively couple the first and the second versions of the light signal into an optical waveguide (110) and the optical waveguide (110) arranged to convey the first version of the light signal with the first polarization and the second version of the light signal with the second polarization towards an eye (120), to generate a waveguide-based display.

Abstract: The invention relates to a selective diffractive grating and applications thereof. The grating comprised in a periodic alternating pattern first material having a first dispersion curve (n1), and second material having a second dispersion curve (n2) different from the first dispersion curve (n1). According to the invention, the first and second dispersion curves (n?i, n 2) intersect each other at two or more different wavelengths (?1 ?2).