Abstract: Syringealdehyde and vanillin are produced from alkaline or neutral sulphite waste liquors by alkaline oxidative treatment of the liquor and subsequent isolation of a mixture of the aldehydes. Syringealdehyde is separated from vanillin by fractional distillation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of alkylating substituted hydroxybenzenes, particularly substituted hydroxybenzaldehydes, by reacting the hydroxybenzene compound with a dialkylsulfate in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate, substantially in the absence of a solvent. The alkoxylated product is obtained in yields substantially close to theoretical.

Abstract: A blank and a tray formed therefrom and having end walls each formed by a first end panel foldably connected to a bottom panel, a first top panel, a second top panel and a second end panel all foldably interconnected by a set of substantially parallel fold lines thereby to provide a multilayered vertical wall and a top platform of at least a double thickness. Preferably, a projecting nesting panel is formed in the second top wall and is connected directly to the second end panel, a slot is provided in the first top panel adjacent its connection with the first end panel and said nesting panel is projected through said slot when said blank is erected to form a tray.

Abstract: A blank, or tray, comprising of bottom panel having side walls foldably connected to opposite sides thereof via a pair of substantially parallel side fold lines, end wall forming panels, each of the end wall forming panels being defined in the bottom panel and side walls by a line of weakness extending across said bottom wall and part way into each of said side walls, a first pair of fold line extending one from each end of said line of weakness toward a junction formed with a projection of the adjacent said side fold line and a second pair of fold lines extending one from said line of weakness toward each of said junctions to form in each of said end wall forming panels an end wall and a pair of connecting side walls said first and second pairs of fold lines each being symmetrically positioned on opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the blank a reinforcing panel connected to each of said side walls one of said reinforcing panels having a flap foldably connected to its free edge and the other of

Abstract: A side carry carton having a top wall and a front wall interconnected by a flap forming the manufacturer's joint and hand hole panel formed in the front wall in part by a fold line spaced from the top wall is provided with an extension foldably connected to the manufacturer's joint forming the flap by a first fold line co-extensive with the hand hole forming fold line. The first fold line impairs folding of the extension into the carton at an angle of over approximately 90.degree.. Preferably the extension will extend the full length of said manufacturer's joint flap and said front wall. Folding of said hand hole forming panel into the carton causes the extension to fold relative to said manufacturer's joint flap whereby the hand hole is reinforced and the binding of the front wall of the carton is impaired.

Abstract: A method of forming a paper-like sheet from a dry formed web by pre-bonding the web thereby strengthening it sufficiently that it may traverse a conventional size press but without unduly inhibiting the ability of the web to be penetrated by a binder in a liquid carrier, applying said binder to the pre-bonded web, distributing said binder in said web in a size press at a pressure of 20-150 lbs/linear inch, a temperature of 15.degree. - 80.degree. C and a web speed of at least 50 ft/minute and drying the web to provide a bonded sheet.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with measuring "on-line" the surface roughness of a moving sheet material, e.g. a paper web. The method comprises illuminating the moving web, preferably at a low angle, suitably collecting the light reflected from the moving web and processing the light by means of a sensitive photo-electrical system. The electrical signals thus obtained are divided into an AC and a DC component, the components are separately measured and their ratio used as an index of roughness. An apparatus for carrying out roughness measurements on a moving paper web, e.g. on a paper machine, is described.

Abstract: A carton blank and carton formed therefrom when the blank is provided with scorelines defining in each side panel a trapezoid and a plurality of triangles to form a blank that may be set up either with rectangular side panels or with trapezoid side panels. It is also possible with the present invention to select two different top closure structures which permits variation in length of the carton whether set up with regular rectangular side panels or with trapezoid side panels.

Abstract: A non water cooled smelt spout for a pulp mill chemical recovery furnace. The spout is constructed from insulating and refractory material contained in a metal trough and is provided with a steam jet immediately adjacent the bottom free end of the spout. The jet impairs the formation of slag on the bottom of the trough and disintegrates the smelt stream issuing from the spout. Preferably the steam passage leading to the jet or nozzle extends along the bottom of the spout whereby the steam forming the jet also cools the bottom wall.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system for mounting panels on studs and which permits automatic positioning of the studs as the panels are erected. The system incorporates pairs of clips mounted on adjacent panels, a first set of clips on one panel engages one side of a stud and a second set of clips on an adjacent panel resiliently locks with the other side of the stud and forces the stud into position engaging flanges on the first set of clips thereby positioning the stud. The first set of clips have forwardly projecting portions that underly the adjacent panels on which the second set of clips is mounted whereby the adjacent margins of both panels are held to the stud.

Abstract: A versatile trim piece comprising of a central U-shaped base member composed of a pair of arms extending substantially perpendicular from opposite ends of a base section and a pair of T-shaped members each formed of a trunk section and a pair of branch sections extending perpendicularly in opposite directions from one end of the trunk sections, the opposite end of each trunk section being integrally connected to a free end of one of said arms, the trunk sections extending substantially perpendicular to said arms and at least the branch sections adjacent the arms terminating in free ends positioned in a plane containing the face of the base section remote from the trunk sections. The trim piece may be used for various applications, for example as a starter member, a ceiling runner, a post section, etc.

Abstract: A method of increasing the chemical recovery capacity of a Kraft Recovery Furnace by injecting solid pellets of sodium sulphate and sodium carbonate directly onto the char bed in the reducing zone of the furnace while maintaining the temperature and reducing atmosphere in this zone thereby to form a smelt containing sodium sulphide and sodium carbonate from the injected pellets. These pellets may be produced from a further quantity of balck liquor in an auxiliarly incinerator such as a fluid bed combustion unit. This invention permits increasing the recovery capacity of a furnace without necessitating the construction of a new Recovery Furnace.

Abstract: A method of preventing the deposition of preservative solids onto the surface of the material being treated from an ammoniacal treating liquor of the type wherein deposition of the treating chemical within the wood requires evaporation of the ammonia from the solution. After the impregnation treatment the wood is contacted with an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide in an amount and for a time sufficient for the carbon dioxide to combine with a significant amount of the ammonium hydroxide in the treating liquor on the wood to form ammonium carbonate and/or bicarbonate and thereby inhibit the loss of ammonia from the liquor for a time sufficient for the liquor on the wood to migrate into the wood.

Abstract: An air bearing slitter wherein the slitter disc is mounted on a hub that is freely rotatable and axially movable relative to a shaft on an air bearing. This arrangement has been found to improve the slitter knife life between sharpenings and to permit the use of tungsten carbide coated slitters for slitting paper.

Abstract: A partition system formed of a plurality of partition panel units held in erect position by an upper securing member and a lower securing member. The lower securing member is fixed to the floor and has a mounting surface in face-to-face relationship with the panel units. The system permits easy erecting of panel units from one side of the wall by slipping the top of each unit into the upper securing member, pivoting the unit into each face-to-face relationship with the mounting surface, adjusting the unit vertically and anchoring the unit in position. An open passage is formed beneath the panel units in the partition structure. This passage easily accommodates various services, such as wiring, and after such services are inserted, it is closed by means of a supporting plate which supports the side of the panel units remote from the mounting surface.

Abstract: A partition structure incorporating fastener elements of the hook and loop type that permit dismantling of the partition by removing the panels in the direction substantially perpendicular to their faces. Also disclosed is a fastener strip roll to facilitate application of fasteners in the field.

Abstract: A method of reducing the corrosion of a pair of cooperating working elements that are mounted on a frame wherein one of said elements moves relative to the other in subjecting the material being treated to a working action which comprises electrically connecting said relatively moving element to the frame of the machine thereby to maintain said relatively moving element at substantially the same potential as the frame.

Abstract: A diaper structure folded into a substantially impervious package to impair the escape of vapors therefrom.

Abstract: A system of substantially whole tree utilization wherein the trees are felled and subsequently slashed with the branches and top section intact to form discrete tree sections including a top section and branched bole sections, and these sections are fed into a conventional drum debarker to preferably dry and de-bark and de-branch the sections, thereby to provide branched and de-barked wood for further processing and separating bark, branches and needles. The bark and branches may be separated from each other and from the needles. The needles may be processed separately to produce chemical compounds for pharmaceutical purposes or any other use. The system of the present invention permits more economic harvesting of wood an increases the utilization of the tree by permitting utilization of not only the bole section, but also the normally unmerchandizable top and branches together with the needles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying a sheet while supporting same on an air bearing wherein drying air flows laterally of the bearing in ducts located beneath the drier and is directed to the surface of the drier through intermediate chambers whereby a minimum amount of laterally flowing air contacts with the sheet. Also disclosed is a system of controlling the drying capacity of sections of the drier to permit moisture profile control of the dried sheet.