Abstract: Disclosed is a woven product adapted to be used as a primary backing layer for a surface, ground or floor covering comprising artificial or synthetic grass or turf. The woven product comprises at least a first woven layer and a second woven layer, wherein the first and second woven layers are interwoven, the first woven layer comprises a plurality of warp tapes/threads and a plurality of weft tapes/threads, the warp tapes/threads and the weft tapes/threads of the first woven layer being substantially perpendicular to one another. The second woven layer comprises a plurality of warp tapes/threads and a plurality of weft tapes/threads, the warp tapes/threads and the weft tapes/threads of the second woven layer being substantially perpendicular to one another.

Abstract: There is disclosed a nonwoven laminate (5) or laminate fabric comprising at least three layers (10, 20) comprising spunbond/meltblown/spunbond layers, wherein the laminate (5) has: an abrasion resistance of at least 5,000 rubs or higher, and a microbiological filtration performance measured as a log reduction factor (LRF) of 3 or higher. The laminate (5) comprises a medical and/or pharmaceutical fabric such as for medical and/or sterile packaging. Beneficially the laminate (5) has been flat calendared between flat heated metal rollers (105, 110) and further, the laminate (5) has been flat calendar laminated between flat heated metal rollers (105, 110).