Abstract: A shock wave sensor is disclosed in which a piezoelectric foil is either suspended in a ring or on a backing. Electrodes run from a particular sensitive area on the foil towards the edges and are fracture proof connected to concentric conductors.

Abstract: An instrument for therapeutic shock waves in which the shock waves are triggered in response to the patient's heartbeat cycle or to the patient's breathing cycle or both.

Abstract: A method for computer aided simulation of complete radar systems under evaluation of the instantaneous power and frequency information comprises the steps of providing a simulation signal representing the instantaneous power spectrum of the transmitter modifying said signal in accordance with the propagation and spreading path to be simulated and in addition modifying said signal in accordance with preselected target properties, modifying the previously modified signal in accordance with particular properties characteristic of the receiver and associated components to be simulated, such as amplifier characteristics, filters, mixers, Doppler stages, analog-to-digital conversion and calculating statistical moments of the first and second order of the resulting signal such as the expectancy value and its variance and indicating the same.

Abstract: A generator for pulse trains of shockwaves for the purpose of contactlessly comminuting concretions in living bodies, comprising a shockwave source, for instance a spark gap, a focusing reflector, for instance a hollow ellipsoid filled with a propagation medium, and a layer of a material having an impedance different from that of the medium of propagation mounted in such a manner that it is crossed by the shockwave field.

Abstract: Certain thermoplastics, notably high molecular weight, oriented amorphous or partially crystralline polyethylene are used as a cover for or directly as a window for IR equipment in aircraft, permitting direct exposure to the environment.

Abstract: A concrement in a human body is located by an X-ray system establishing an axis through the concrement; ultrasonic equipment determines a depth coordinate value for the concrement on that axis, and a shock gyrator and focusing system is placed on that established axis for obtaining the comminution. A rest is provided for placing the body in the action zone, and for establishing a second axis in a coordinate system; the third axis is perpendicular to the latter and defines locally the direction of position change for the various types of equipment needed to carry out the aforementioned program.

Abstract: A trigger instrument for therapeutic shock waves, in particular for comminuting kidney stones, in which the shock waves are triggered by the R pip of the EKG or by a preselected time-delay thereafter.

Abstract: Waste or refuse is fed to a first reaction chamber communicating with a second one through openings in the lower portion of a partition between the chambers and hot metal or the like is fed into at least one of the two chambers; gas is extracted from the second chamber and the pressure conditions are such that different liquid levels obtain in the two chambers causing reaction gas to bubble through the openings and the liquid in the second chamber. The principle product gases extracted are hydrogen, carbonoxide and inert gases. Lime is preferably added to the waste to be processed.

Abstract: An improved shockwave lithotripsy system includes a movable patient support carriage having a shock wave generator and focussing device mounted thereto, along with an indexing reference. An ultrasonic oscillator is also attached to a mounting arm arrangement mounted in turn to the support carriage and allowing for three dimensional adjustment of the oscillator relative to a patient on the carriage, the mounting arrangement having an additional indexing reference such that after a concrement internal to the patient is located using the ultrasonic oscillator, the shock wave generator may be brought into focus on the concrement by bringing the indexing references into registry.

Abstract: In extracorporal lithotripsy a shock wave that is focussed on a concrement is followed by a pain producing pressure wave. This wave is filtered by means of a membrane bulging inwardly into the focussing chamber, closing the same and having a thickness smaller than the predominant wave length of the shock wave.

Abstract: A template member made of shock wave impermeable material such as air filled foam is affixed to the body of a living being (e.g. a human patient) leaving however an opening through which shock waves from a shock wave generator can pass so that a concrement in the body will be comminuted while the template member shields sensitive organs against parasitic ultrasonic radiation.

Abstract: A joint connection for attachment of reflector panels at a truss support structure of a radio telescope, where the bars of the truss and the reflector panels consisting of fiber composite material, and adjusting means for the reflector panels between the ball-shaped central body of the joint and the reflector panels.

Abstract: Electrically conductive ceramic having the composition La.sub.x Ca.sub.y MnO.sub.3+.DELTA. characterized by x= 0.44 to 0.48, Y= 0.42 to 0.50 and the sum of the mol numbers of La and Ca is between 1 to 15% (preferably about 10%) smaller than the mol number of Mn.

Abstract: An apparatus for the comminution of concrements such as kidney stones, and including a source of shock waves partially surrounded by an ellipsoidal reflector, is improved in that the open end of the reflector for sound wave transmission is additionally defined by a plurality of sound attentuating rings diminishing in internal diameter with distance from the source of shock waves; additional features provide for an overall increase in specific weight of these rings; the transmission of x-rays through the equipment is separately controlled.

Abstract: The apparatus includes an ellipsoidal reflection chamber having two focal points, one to be aligned with the concrement to be destroyed, the other one being located in a discharge path between two electrodes facing each other and being oriented in the longitudinal axis of the ellipsoid; one of the electrodes is a point-like extension of an inner one of two coaxial conductors, and the outer one of these conductors carries several flat arch shaped holders positioning the other electrode likewise in said longitudinal axis, the holding structure in the vicinity of the inner conductor continuing the ellipsoidal reflecting surface; through a threaded mount the two electrodes can be moved towards and away from each other; each of these electrodes is preferably provided for easy exchange to compensate burning off.

Abstract: A piece of wood is prepared for impregnation by causing it in steps to be perforated by a plurality of needles which are moved back and forth with the workpiece, and either rotate individually or are subject to additional oscillatory or impact-producing axial movement.

Abstract: An infrared detector includes a vacuum tube containing a photo sensitive layer comprised of densely packed needles arranged vertically on a substrate and having been grown as metal whiskers in a porous portion of the substrate. The substrate includes a metallic layer either in contact with or insulated from the needles depending upon the mode of the detecting system. The needles may face the incoming radiation, or may face away therefrom, in which case at least part of the substrate has to be transparent to infrared radiation. The radiation is either acquired directly or through an infrared optic or through a raster or line-scanning system. Photo emission from the needles can be used either directly for the production of an image or indirectly through a scanning process. The diameter and distance of the needles is significantly smaller than the radiation band to be detected.

Abstract: A reflector for focusing shockwaves in order to contactlessly comminute concretions in living bodies and for which a suitable selection of materials and geometry prevents a transverse wave in the reflector material from leading the shockwave front in the coupling medium.

Abstract: A couch to securely support and keep in place a completely or partially anesthesized patient in a compression-free and strain-free manner, for instance for contact-less comminution of renal calculi, where the patient by means of strongly mutually inclining and individually adjustable rest surfaces (11, 25, 26) in the shoulder area and at the legs is moved into a back position with a slightly raised upper body and angled legs, with a clear back and rectal area, and with placement of the lower arms next to the head so as to assume a stable hollow-back position.

Abstract: An improved instrument for destroying concretions within the body of living tissue, with a focusing chamber which is a part of an ellipsoid of revolution and at one focus of which shock waves are generated by arc discharge, the improvement comprising that a pad (8) filled with degassed water and of which the front and rear sides thereof (10 and 12 respectively) are composed of shape-adapting, acoustically matched thin foils, is located between the liquid-filled focusing chamber (16) and the coupling site (6) to the body (2), the pad permitting simultaneous introduction of X-rays or ultrasonic waves to locate the concretion and to monitor the success in comminuting, and a second water pad (24) similar to the first pad is located at the body decoupling site and encloses the body over a large area, the rear side thereof being fastened by means of a damping or diffusely reflecting layer (26), for instance foam rubber, to a rigid dish (28) composed of one or more parts.