Abstract: The present invention relates to polyurethane rigid foams formulations. More particularly, the present invention relates to polyurethane rigid foams formulations, prepared from aromatic polyester polyols, which show improved compressive strength. The formulations include an isocyanate reacting mixture, at least one polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate, having a functionality of at least 2.7, and at least one blowing agent; such that the stoichiometric index of the polyisocyanate to the isocyanate reacting mixture is 1.0-1.8.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide for methods of producing a polycarbonate polyol. The method includes charging a vessel with butanediol, charging the vessel with a polymerization catalyst, and adding to the vessel dimethyl carbonate at a rate of at least 2.0 g of DMC per minute per kg of BDO to produce polycarbonate polyol at a polycarbonate polyol yield of at least 80% of a theoretical yield.

Abstract: A foamable composition comprising at least an olefin block copolymer, an olefin copolymer, an oil, a blowing agent and a crosslinking agent is provided. The olefin block copolymer has a Mw/Mn from 1.7 to 3.5, and at least one melting point, Tm, in degrees Celsius, and a density, d, in gram/cubic centimeter, wherein the numerical values of Tm and d correspond to the relationship: Tm>?2002.9+4538.5(d)?2422.2(d)2. Foams, laminates, articles and wetsuits made from the foams are also provided.

Abstract: An epoxy resin composition prepared from a dihydroxydiphenyl-cycloalkane compound to form a diglycidyl ether of dihydroxydiphenyl cycloalkane compound which may be useful for making various products including, for example, powder coatings, composites and electrical laminates.

Abstract: A molecular glass compound comprises a vinyl ether adduct of an aromatic vinyl ether of formula C(R1)2?C(R2)—O-(L)n-Ar1, and a calix[4]arene, wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a single bond, H, C1-20 alkyl, C1-20 haloalkyl, C6-20 aryl, C6-20 haloaryl, C7-20 aralkyl, or C7-20 haloaralkyl, L is a C1-20 linking group, n is 0 or 1, and Ar1 is a halo-containing monocyclic, or substituted or unsubstituted polycyclic or fused polycyclic C6-20 aromatic-containing moiety, wherein R1 and R2 are connected to Ar1 when either or both of R1 and R2 is a single bond and n is 0. A photoresist, comprising the molecular glass compound, a solvent, and a photoacid generator, a coated substrate, comprising (a) a substrate having one or more layers to be patterned on a surface thereof; and (b) a layer of a photoresist composition over the one or more layers to be patterned, and a method of forming the molecular glass compound, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A curable resin composition including (I) at least one thermoset resin composition; and (II) at least one hardener; wherein the powder coating has a balance of properties including a combination of high glass transition temperature and low water absorption.

Abstract: Improved reaction processes comprise reacting a mixture to form a product comprising a metal alkyl, metal oxide, or mixture thereof and then passing said product to a post-reactor heat exchanger. The improvement comprises one or more of the following: (1) reacting said metal alkyl compound with an acid to produce a soluble metal ester; or (2) adding an ionic surfactant; or (3) adding a mixture comprising an antioxidant to the product under conditions sufficient to avoid formation of significant amounts of insoluble metal or metal compounds derived from said metal alkyl compound; or (4) purging said post-reactor heat exchanger with an inert gas under conditions to remove metal oxide from the post-reactor heat exchanger.

Abstract: The present invention provides continuous, gas phase, free radical processes for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propenes or higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes, wherein wherein at least a portion of any intermediate boiler by-products generated by the process are removed from the process.

Abstract: An improved method of preparing an ion exchange resin catalyst by partial neutralization of the ion exchange resin catalyst with a promoter. The promoter and a fluid are introduced into a vessel or a reactor which is partially filled with the ion exchange resin catalyst forming an ion exchange resin catalyst bed in the vessel or reactor. The fluid and the promoter are recirculated in an upflow direction at a velocity sufficient to partially fluidize the ion exchange resin catalyst bed and to achieve a rapid uniform distribution of the promoter throughout the catalyst bed.

Abstract: A photoacid generator compound has formula (I): G+Z???(I) wherein G has formula (II): In formula (II), X is S or I, each R0 is commonly attached to X and is independently C1-30 alkyl; polycyclic or monocyclic C3-30 cycloalkyl; polycyclic or monocyclic C6-30 aryl; or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups. G has a molecular weight greater than 263.4 g/mol, or less than 263.4 g/mol. One or more R0 groups are further attached to an adjacent R0 group, a is 2 or 3, wherein when X is I, a is 2, or when X is S, a is 2 or 3. Z in formula (I) comprises the anion of a sulfonic acid, a sulfonimide, or a sulfonamide. A photoresist and coated film also includes the photoacid generator, and a method of forming an electronic device uses the photoresist.

Abstract: A bis(aryl)acetal has the formula wherein Y1 and Y2 are each independently chloro, bromo, iodo, mesylate, tosylate, triflate, or Bx, provided that Y1 and Y2 are not both selected from chloro, bromo, and iodo; each occurrence of Bx is independently a boron-containing functional group bonded to Ar1 or Ar2 via a boron atom; Ar1 and Ar2 are each independently unsubstituted or substituted C6-18 arylene, or unsubstituted or substituted C3-18 heteroarylene; provided that Ar1 and Ar2 are not covalently linked to each other to form a ring structure that includes —Ar1—O—C—O—Ar2—; and R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C1-18 linear or branched alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C3-20 cycloalkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C6-18 aryl, or unsubstituted or substituted C3-20 heteroaryl. The bis(aryl)acetal is useful as a monomer for oligoacetal and polyacetal synthesis via Suzuki polycondensation.

Abstract: A curable epoxy resin formulation useful for making an insulator for a high-voltage gas insulated switchgear, the curable formulation including (A) an epoxy resin composition comprising a mixture of: (A1) at least one solid epoxy resin, (A2) at least one novolac epoxy resin, and (A3) at least one cycloaliphatic epoxy resin; (B) at least one anhydride hardener; (C) at least one filler; and (D) optionally, at least one catalyst or at least one accelerator.

Abstract: A curable epoxy resin composition comprising (a) at least one epoxy resin; (b) at least one curing agent; and (c) at least one high molecular weight poly(propylene oxide) poiyol toughening agent; and a process for preparing the curable epoxy resin composition.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for recovering dichlorohydrins from a mixture comprising dichlorohydrins, one or more compounds selected from esters of dichlorohydrins, monochlorohydrins and/or esters thereof, and multihydroxylated-aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds and/or esters thereof, and optionally one or more substances comprising water, chlorinating agents, catalysts and/or esters of catalysts is disclosed. The mixture is stripped to recover dichlorohydrin(s) while distilling or fractionating the mixture to separate a lower boiling fraction comprising dichlorohydrin(s) from the mixture in one step. Advantages include more efficient recovery of dichlorohydrins for a given distillation column, less waste due to avoiding the conditions conducive to the formation of heavy byproducts, and reduced capital investment in recovery equipment.

Abstract: An epoxy resin hardener composition including a reaction product of (i) a compound having at least one vicinal epoxy group, and (ii) an amino alcohol; an epoxy resin composition including the epoxy resin hardener composition and a compound having at least one vicinal epoxy group; and a powder coating composition including particles of the epoxy resin hardener composition and particles of a compound having at least one vicinal epoxy group.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide processes and systems for the epoxidation of an olefin using a fixed bed reactor. The fixed bed reactor is maintained at a temperature from 0 to 40 degrees Celsius. The processes and systems regulate a superficial liquid velocity of a non-homogeneous reaction mixture and recycled portion of effluent of the fixed bed reactor.

Abstract: The instant invention is a polyurethane dispersion, method of producing the same, coated articles, and method of coating articles. The polyurethane dispersion according to the instant invention comprises (a) one or more polyurethane units derived from one or more prepolymers, wherein the one or more prepolymers comprise the reaction product of one or more natural oil based polyols dissolved in dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether in the presence of one or more first surfactants with one or more isocyanates; and (b) water.

Abstract: The present invention provides isothermal multitube reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors utilize a feed mixture inlet temperature at least 20° C. different from a desired reaction temperature.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photovoltaic cell where all metal components used in the electrical connection/electrical collection system are similar enough to avoid corrosion that may be caused by a galvanic cell effect. Specifically, all the metal components should be the same or should have very similar electric potentials.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include compositions for use in enhanced oil recovery, and methods of using the compositions for recovering oil. Compositions of the present disclosure include a nonionic, non-emulsifying surfactant having a CO2-philicity in a range of about 1.5 to about 5.0, carbon dioxide in a liquid phase or supercritical phase, and water, where the nonionic, non-emulsifying surfactant promotes a formation of a stable foam formed of carbon dioxide and water.