Abstract: A controlled release and delivery system for a hydrophobic, water sensitive herbicide is produced by:(a) dissolving the herbicide in a volatile water-immiscible solvent;(b) introducing the solvent containing the herbicide dissolved therein to a latex dispersion comprising an aqueous continuous phase and polymeric discrete phase;(c) agitating the resultant mixture until the polymeric particles of the discrete phase absorb the herbicide; and(d) removing the solvent from the resultant mixture at reduced pressure.

Abstract: O,S-Dailkyl ((nitrogen heterocyclyl)carbonyl)phosphoramidothioates are prepared by the reaction of O,S-dialkyl phosphoroisocyanatidothioates with selected five and six membered nitrogen heterocycles and found to be effective plant systemic and contact insecticides. Ethyl 1-(((methoxy(methylthio)phosphinyl)amino)carbonyl)-4-piperidinecarboxylate , for example, is prepared from O,S-dimethyl phosphoroisocyanatidothioate and ethyl 4-piperidinecarboxylate and found to control aster leafhopper when applied to rice plants.

Abstract: 2-(Phenoxy or phenylthio)-2-(pyrimidinyloxy or 1,3,5-triazinyloxy)alkanoic acid compounds, such as ethyl 2-(2-fluorophenoxy)-2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl-oxy)acetate, were prepared by the reaction of a phenol or thiophenol compound with a 2-chloro-2-(pyrimidinyloxy or 1,3,5-triazinyloxy)alkanoate ester compound or by the reaction of a pyrimidinol or 1,3,5-triazinol with a 2-bromo-2-(phenoxy or phenylthio)alkanoate ester. These compounds, and, especially, agriculturally acceptable salts, esters, and amides of these compounds, were found to have herbicidal utility.

Abstract: Apparatus for dilution of one liquid with another, such as a pesticide concentrate diluted with water, wherein dual piston displacement pumps are each actuated respectively by a coil spring and by an opposed hydraulic actuator with a piston powered by the flow of the diluting liquid, the hydraulic actuator being controlled by a control means for alternating reciprocation of the respective pistons of each hydraulic actuator responsive to the rate of flow of the diluting liquid so that a constant dilution ratio is maintained regardless of the pressure of the liquid supply. The control means includes a vane that is pivoted alternately by the action of the hydraulic actuator pistons to direct the flow thereto of liquid for dilution.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## the substituents are described in the specification. The compouns of formula (I) are plant fungicides.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are taught for the acceleration of a propellable matter at selected target matter.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl optionally substituted with halo, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, or halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy;R.sup.2 is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, nitro, halo; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 combine to form --(CH.sub.2).sub.4 --;R.sup.3 is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl, or substituted phenyl;Y is a bivalent hydrocarbon radical two to six carbon atoms long, optionally substituted with (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4) alkenyl or -alkynyl, branched (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, halo, halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, hydroxy, or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) acyl; andZ is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, phenyl, naphtyl, or pyridyl group;are useful as fungicides and as intermediates in making other pesticides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the preparation of certain phosphorothioates and phosphonoates by means of a process which employs a three-phase system for the reaction of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phenate, pyridinate or pyrimidinate with a phosphorochloridothioate or phosphorochloridate under alkaline conditions and in the presence of tertiary amine and quarternary ammonium salt co-catalyst, but in the absence of both a hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent and a surfactant.

Abstract: Alkyl 3-chloroanthranilates are the major product from the chlorination of alkyl esters of anthranilic acid with 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin. The 3-chloro isomer can be readily separated from the accompanying 5-chloro isomer by selective acetylation of the latter.

Abstract: Chloro and bromophenols and N-acylanilines are fluorinated in an ortho or para position with an N-fluoropyridinium salt to obtain fluorohalophenols and N-acylfluorohaloanilines, which can be further converted to fluorophenols and N-acylfluoroanilines by reduction. Thus, o-fluorophenol is obtained by fluorination of p-bromophenol with 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridinium fluoroborate and reduction of the product obtained with sodium formate and a palladium catalyst. N-fluoropyridinium salts having trichloromethyl substituents are disclosed.

Abstract: A fungicidal method which comprises applying to the locus of a plant pathogen a fungicidally effective but non-phytotoxic amount of a compound of the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are independentlyH, halo, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, branched (C.sub.3 -C.sub.4) alkyl, halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, NO.sub.2, or HN.sub.2, at least two of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 being H,or one of R.sup.2 to R.sup.4 is --NR.sup.7 --Y--Ar or O--Y--Ar and the rest of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are H;W is N, or CR.sup.5 ;R.sup.5 is H, CH.sub.3, Cl, O--Y--Ar, or --NR.sup.7 --Y--Ar;R.sup.6 is H, CH.sub.3, Cl, or Br;A is --O--Alk or --X--Y--Ar;Alk is a C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, straight chain or branched, optionally substituted with halo, halo (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkoxy, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.8) cycloalkyl, hydroxy, or acetyl;X is O, NR.sup.7, or CR.sup.8 R.sup.9, provided that if one of R.sup.2 to R.sup.5 is NR.sup.

Abstract: An improved spray nozzle for use with aircraft includes a small diameter, plastic body having a forward liquid inlet and a transverse cavity receiving liquid chemicals under pressure through the inlet. A plurality of capillary tubes in fluid communication with the cavity are secured in the body to open rearwardly in a horizontal, planar fan-shaped configuration protruding from a rear wedge shaped end of the body. The transverse distance across the body and the capillary tubes is less than one and one-half inches to minimize gravity pressure differentials across the plurality of tubes when the aircraft is banked to thereby prevent liquid chemical dribbling. A removable baffle is secured within the transverse cavity in position to be impinged by the entering liquid chemicals to equalize liquid flow and pressure throughout the cavity to thereby provide equal flow through each of the capillary tubes.

Abstract: A method for substantially improving the bulk flow properties of pesticide-treated plant seeds is disclosed. The seeds are treated with low levels of a polydimethylsiloxane lubricant which is applied either to seeds that have already been treated with a pesticidal substance or to seeds simultaneously with a pesticidal substance. The polydimethylsiloxane lubricant can be applied either by coapplication from separate compositions or by the application of a composition containing both the pesticidal substance and the polydimethylsiloxane lubricant.

Abstract: 2,6-Difluoroaniline is prepared from 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene by partial fluorine exchange to a mixture of 2,6-difluorochlorobenzene and 2,3-difluorochlorobenzene, amination of the chloro substituents, and separation of the desired product from the isomeric 2,3-difluoroaniline. By incorporating a selective reduction into the process immediately after the partial fluorine exchange, the undesirable 2,3-difluorochlorobenzene is converted into valuable ortho-difluorobenzene and the 2,3-difluoroaniline isomer is avoided.

Abstract: Stable, aqueous emulsion formulations of water-insoluble organic pesticides are formed from a mixture of (1) a water-insoluble organic pesticide, (2) a water based structured particle latex containing nonionic particles to which is bound a layer containing stabilizing pH independent ionic groups chemically bound at or near the surface of the polymer particles, and optionally a cosolvent and/or cosurfactant for the pesticide. The resulting product is much more stable to coalescence than emulsions made with conventional surfactants.

Abstract: N-Aryl benzamides wherein the aryl group is a nitrogen containing heterocycle are useful as selective herbicidal agents. Compositions containing the novel benzamides and a herbicidal method of selective weed control are disclosed.

Abstract: Insecticide compositions containing an O-halopyridylphosphate insecticide absorbed on corn flour or a mineral carrier are stabilized from thermal decomposition by incorporating from about 1 to about 20 percent by weight of the carrier of a wood flour or a hemicellulose extract. These compositions can be employed in methods for protecting stored grains and plants from insect damage.

Abstract: Cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropenes and their homologs and 1,3-dibromopropenes can be prepared by isomerizing the corresponding 3,3-dihalopropene or homolog thereof in a simple, high yield process by contacting the latter with an effective silica, alumina, or zeolite catalyst. Thus, a mixture of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropenes is produced in good yield and with good selectivity when a mixture of 3,3-dichloropropene with other chlorinated hydrocarbons, principally 1,2-dichloropropane, is contacted with an acidic activated alumina catalyst at a temperature of about 100.degree. C.

Abstract: 3-Mercapto-5-amino-(1H)-1,2,4-triazole is prepared by the rearrangement of 2,5-diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole. The rearrangement proceeds in high yields under aqueous alkaline conditions.

Abstract: 2-Chloro and 2,6-dichloroanilines, optionally substituted in the 3-, 5-, and/or 6-position are prepared from the corresponding anilides by selective bromination, chlorination, reduction and hydrolysis. The selectivity of the process for introducing chlorines ortho to the amino group is very high.