Abstract: A process for the treatment of comminuted oats so as to effect separation of the comminuted oats into fractions differing in composition is disclosed. The process comprises admixing comminuted oats, or fractions derived therefrom, with an organic solvent for oat oil and subjecting the admixture, in the form of a slurry, to the influence of centrifugal force in, for example, a centrifuge, including continuous or semi-continuous centrifuges, and/or a hydrocyclone. In an embodiment the oats are oats that have not been subjected to a heat treatment. Examples of suitable solvents are pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and alcohols of 1-4 carbon atoms. The products obtainable include bran, oat oil, flour and protein-enriched or protein deficient flours. In particular embodiments flours having greater than 80% or less than 5% protein are obtainable. The products have a variety of uses in the food industry.

Abstract: A process for the separation of substantially gum-free flour from oats is disclosed. The process comprises admixing comminuted oats with a solvent for oil in the oats and separating substantially gum-free flour from the admixture. In an embodiment the admixture of oats and solvent is separated into two fractions, one being substantially gum-free flour and the other being a bran fraction. Oat oil is recoverable from the solvent. Examples of suitable solvents are pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane and alcohol of 1-4 carbon atoms. The products have a variety of uses in the food industry.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a comminuted oat fraction from an admixture thereof with solvent is disclosed. An admixture of the fraction and the solvent is subjected to a high voltage electric field between an anode and a cathode, thereby depositing at least part of the comminuted oat fraction on at least the anode. The solvent is either an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 5 to 8 carbon atoms or a normally liquid chlorofluorocarbon containing 1 or 2 carbon atoms. In a preferred embodiment the fraction is a fraction of high protein content and the deposit is only on the anode. In another embodiment the fraction is in the form of a dispersion, e.g. fines, in the solvent.

Abstract: A process for the separation of comminuted proteinaceous material from an admixture thereof with solvent is disclosed. An admixture of the material and the solvent is subjected to a high voltage electric field between an anode and a cathode, thereby depositing at least part of the material on at least the anode. The solvent is an aliphatic hydrocarbon containing from 5 to 8 carbon atoms or a normally liquid chlorofluorocarbon containing 1 or 2 carbon atoms. The proteinaceous material may be wheat, rye, barley, triticale, rice, peas, beans, soya beans, sesame seeds, peanuts, sunflower seeds, whey powder, corn, rapeseed, sorghum, flax and buckwheat. In an embodiment the fraction is in the form of a dispersion, e.g. fines, in the solvent.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of N-(substituted)-3-aminoacrylonitriles of the formula N--(R.sub.1 R.sub.2)--CH.dbd.CH--CN where R.sub.1 is alkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted with alkyl and/or --NH.sub.2 groups, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH--CH.dbd.CH--CN and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or alkyl with the proviso that when R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NH--CH.dbd.CH--CN R.sub.2 is hydrogen, n being 1 to 8. The process comprises contacting cyanoacetylene with the appropriate amine in the presence of an inert atmosphere and at low temperatures, especially less than 40.degree. C., and recovering the product at a temperature of not greater than 50.degree. C.

Abstract: Certain basic impurities, e.g., N-heterocyclic amines such as 2-methyl-4-amino-5,6-trimethylene pyrimidine are removed from adiponitrile by contact with solid acidic sorption agents, e.g., weak cation exchange resins before its hydrogenation to hexamethylene diamine to reduce odor and color of products prepared from the diamine.

Abstract: Certain basic impurities, e.g., N-heterocyclic amines such as 2-methyl-4-amino-5,6-trimethylene pyrimidine are removed from adiponitrile by contact with solid acidic sorption agents, e.g., strong acid ion exchange resins before its hydrogenation to hexamethylene diamine to reduce odor and color of products prepared from the diamine.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for lagging (in-process storing) packages of textile yarn on wheeled buggies. At least one storage lane for textile yarn buggies is provided and a plurality of wheeled textile yarn buggies with connecting hooks having depending tail portions for joining the buggies together as a train are positioned in the storage lane. Air switch pads are provided at the exit from the storage lane for detecting the presence of a buggy. A driven chain with lugs thereon for moving the train of buggies forward one buggy length and then engaging the depending portion of the hooks for disconnecting the buggy nearest the exit from the remainder of the train is actuated by a signal from the air switch pads each time the air switch pads fail to detect the presence of a buggy.

Abstract: An improved process for coating sheet substrates with thermoplastic polymer is disclosed. In the process the sheet substrate forms one die lip of the extrusion coating die. The sheet substrate is passed from face-to-face contact with the metal block of the extrusion coating die into a spaced apart relationship with one die lip of the extrusion coating die, the sheet substrate forming the second die lip. Molten thermoplastic polymer is extruded into the space between the one die lip and the sheet substrate, thereby coating the sheet substrate with polymer. The preferred polymer is a poly-.alpha.-olefin, especially polyethylene or a copolymer of ethylene and butene-1. The preferred sheet substrate has orifices in the surfaces thereof. The process may be used to coat sheet substrates with a thermoplastic polymer, e.g. in the manufacture of form boards for the construction industry.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for preparing a warp beam wound with tapes slit from at least two webs of superimposed flexible film at least 1 m wide, comprising feeding the slit superimposed tapes through nip rolls, separating the tapes at the nip and winding the tapes onto a warp beam.

Abstract: An improved rotatable twist tube device is disclosed for false twist texturing a continuous filament thermoplastic yarn being passed through the twist tube. The twist tube comprises a hollow shaft rotor constituted as the rotor of an electric motor. Two bell housings, one attached to each end of the motor body, house ball bearings which support the hollow shaft rotor near each of its ends. A friction bushing is positioned in each end of the hollow shaft rotor. The friction bushings each have a rounded front friction surface and have a back surface extending outwards from the hollow shaft rotor. The improvement comprises an annular extension of each bell housing which projects beyond the end of the hollow shaft rotor and encompass a portion of the adjacent bushing. The annular extension of each bell housing is adapted to prevent yarn wraps on the outside of the hollow shaft rotor by deflecting such wraps onto the surface of the friction bushing.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of food values from oats is disclosed. Acid-soluble protein may be obtained by de-oiling comminuted groats, treating the de-oiled groats with an aqueous solution of pH 9.5-11.5, acidifying the alkaline solution after separation of insoluble material to a pH of 1.8-3.2, preferably 2.2-2.8, and separating acid-soluble protein from the acidified solution after separation of insoluble material. Each step in the process is controlled so as to minimize denaturing of acid-soluble protein. Techniques for separation of acid-soluble protein from the acidified solution are disclosed. The separation of other protein products, bran, flour and gum is also disclosed. The use of protein products as emulsifying agents is disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for the manufacture of a tungstate salt, especially ammonium tungstate. The process comprises treating finely divided metallic tungsten and/or intermetallic iron/tungsten species with an aqueous solution in the presence of an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. The solution contains cations which are ammonium and/or alkali-metal ions and anions which are hydroxide, carbonate and/or bicarbonate ions. The finely divided material generally contains no more than impurity quantities of alkaline earth metals. The process is useful in deriving tungsten values from wolframite ores, which are reduced prior to the aqueous treatment.

Abstract: A process is provided for extracting tungsten values from tungsten compositions. The process comprises treating a tri (alkaline earth metal) tungstate, especially tricalcium tungstate, at a temperature of preferably no greater than 50.degree. C. with a aqueous solution of hydrochloric and/or nitric acid, preferably having a concentration of no greater than 5 molar. The acid is supplied in excess of te stoichiometric amount required to convert the tungstate to tungstic acid and sufficient to maintain the thusly formed tungstic acid insoluble in the solution. The tungstic acid can then be separated from the solution and converted to soluble ammonium tungstate, which in turn can be converted into tungsten trioxide and finally into metallic tungsten. The tri (alkaline earth metal) tungstate starting material can be prepared from iron tungstate, manganese tungstate, and/or an alkaline earth metal tungstate or from ores or concentrates of these tungstates, by a high temperature treatment with calcium oxide.

Abstract: A paper-like thermoplastic film and a process for making it are disclosed. The process involves extruding a mixture of (a) 70-98% by weight of a polyethylene having a maximum melt flow index of 5 decigrams per minute and (b) 2-30% by weight of inorganic lamellar filler particles, e.g., mica, the largest dimension of said particles being less than 150 microns, through a circular die, in the form of seamless tubing, continuously withdrawing the tubing from the point of extrusion, and expanding and simultaneously cooling the tubing while in the plastic formative state at a temperature above the melting temperature to a blow up ratio in the range of from 1.2:1 to 10:1.

Abstract: A process for the continuous melt thermoforming of thermoplastic polymers is disclosed. The process comprises extruding a flat web of molten polymer in a downward direction and directly over a series of mould cavities moving at a predetermined speed thereby sequentially covering the mould cavities. A vacuum is applied to the mould cavities and the web of molten polymer is brought into contact with the surface of the mould cavity, the mould defining the mould cavity being comprised of porous metal. The polymer is cooled and the resultant article is removed from the mould. The process is controlled so that the articles thermoformed in the process are of substantially uniform thickness. In embodiments the mould cavities are located on the periphery of a continuous belt or preferably a wheel. The process may be operated with polymers of low zero shear viscosity. The preferred polymers are polyamides, especially polyhexamethylene adipamide, of relative viscosity in the range 25 to 65.

Abstract: A valve for injecting or ejecting fluid to or from a fluid stream flowing in a pipe includes a valve body connected between abutting flanges in the pipe. The body has a through passage intersecting the pipe with seating assemblies located in each end of the through passage which cooperate with a stem assembly to provide communication between a port, the valve body and the pipe.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the co-orientation lamination of at least one ethylene polymer film (A) with at least one ethylene polymer film (B). The polymer of film (A) is of higher melting point than the polymer of film (B). The preferred ethylene polymers are ethylene homopolymers and ethylene-butene-l copolymers. The laminates produced may be heat sealed.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the continuous preparation of a polyamide from polyamide forming reactants. In the process, the reactants are injected continuously into a reaction zone designed to permit rapid heating and uniform mixing. The reactants are heated and uniformly mixed in the reaction zone to form a vapor and a prepolymer. The vapor is separated from the prepolymer and may be vented through a rectifying zone to recover diamine therefrom. The prepolymer is withdrawn from the reaction zone and may be passed to a second reaction zone for further reaction to form a polymer and more vapor which is vented to atmosphere. The apparatus includes a heat exchanger and a separator; the bottom of the separator being connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger by a recirculating loop and the outlet of the heat exchanger being connected to the separator by a nozzle. Recirculation means and means to inject salt solution into the recirculating loop are also included.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of nickel values from a nickel oxide/silicate ore having a high magnesia/low iron oxide content, e.g. 15-50% magnesia and 0-20% iron oxide by contacting the ore with an aqueous polyalkylenehexamine solution in the presence of oxygen. The general formula for the polyalkylenehexamine is NH.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.n NH(CH.sub.2).sub.m NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH(CH.sub.2).sub.m NH(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2 where n and m are 2 or 3, n and m being the same or different. Preferably n is 2 and m is 3.