Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous "multi-pack" coating compositions, that is, those which comprise at least two discrete components (or "packs") which are mixed prior to application.Prior attempts to provide an aqueous multi-pack composition have failed to provide a suitable combination of the desirable characteristics of adequate "pot-life" (the time for which the mixed components remain workable) and early development of adequate mechanical properties.The compositions of the present invention which provide such a combination consist of a number of components which together comprise a constituent having epoxide groups, a constituent comprising addition polymer in the form of an aqueous dispersion and a constituent capable of reacting with epoxide groups. In an especially preferred embodiment, the aqueous addition polymer dispersion is combined with at least one of the other constituents in the form of a multi-polymer particle dispersion.

Abstract: This invention relates to coating compositions which comprise metal flake pigments.The disadvantages of known "metallic" finishes, e.g. haziness and mottle, can be overcome by the inclusion at the pigment dispersion stage of a chemical compound which comprises at least one hydroxyl group and at least one group of the formula ##STR1## Coating compositions thus prepared are useful in the automotive and refinish industries.

Abstract: A device for removing a flexible cap from the end of a cylindrical neck over which it is fitted includes an ejector element constrained to move in a circumferential track one side of which track is formed by the lip of the cap. The ejector element is shaped such that movement thereof along the track will force the element against the lip of the cap, displacing it and rendering it readily removable.The device can usefully be incorporated into containers such as storage jars, bottles and paint containers, or into pipe ends.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermoplastic coating compositions which utilize organic solvent solutions of acrylic copolymer as film-forming media.Enhanced distortion resistance is obtained by utilizing acrylic polymer which comprises two types of polar group, the two types interacting strongly. A further embodiment utilizes in addition a plasticizer which comprises a chain of units of the formula --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.5 --O--.The compositions are useful as lacquers for the automotive and refinish industries.

Abstract: There are disclosed non-ionic unsaturated chemical compounds having both hydrophilic and lipophilic components.The hydrophilic component comprises at least two ethylene oxide units and the lipophilic component has a molecular weight of 1000 maximum and comprises an entity selected from eugenol, pentaerythritol triallyl ether and trimethylolpropane diallyl ether.The compounds are useful, for example, as emulsion stabilizers.

Abstract: This invention relates to stable aqueous dispersions of film-forming addition polymer.Novel aqueous dispersions comprise polymer which is a copolymer of amphipathic and non-amphipathic monomer. The amphipathic monomer has an HLB value of at least 8, the hydrophilic component thereof is non-ionic, and the lipophilic component has a molecular weight of at least 100, comprises at least one ethylenic double bond but has no acrylyl or methacrylyl structure. The polymer comprises up to 80% by weight of amphipathic monomer.The dispersions are useful as components of such compositions as surface coatings and adhesives.

Abstract: A process of preparing aqueous slurries of vesiculated granules of crosslinked polyester resin wherein the granules have a maximum shrinkage on drying of 5% of the granule diameter.The formation of aggregates of granules in the large scale production of granules using a metal oxide, hydroxide or weak acid salt as base can be overcome by using a surfactant which comprises a species ##STR1## wherein a=5-12, X is an anion of pK.sub.1 less than 2 and R is an alkylene oxide chain composed of units selected from ethylene, propylene and butylene oxides. When alkylene oxide other than ethylene oxide is present in the chain, such alkylene oxide must not provide more than two units per chain and the chain must additionally comprise at least three ethylene oxide units.The granules prepared by the process are useful as matting and opacifying agents in, for example, coating compositions.

Abstract: A process of recovering organic solvent from a liquid waste product which waste product is heat convertible by the steps of:(a) dispersing the liquid waste product in particulate form in water, in the presence of a bentonite or hectorite clay;(b) heating the dispersion to boiling point to strip off steam and organic solvent vapor;(c) condensing the evolved steam and orgnic vapor and separating the water therefrom; and(d) recovering the residue as an aqueous free-flowing slurry of solid granule particles.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel product, fibrils of crosslinked polyester resin having a vesiculated structure, and to a process of making them.Vesiculated fibrils of crosslinked polyester resin of length 50 .mu.m-5 cm, diameter 1 .mu.m-2 mm and aspect ratio of 10-50 are prepared by pouring into water with stirring a selected solution in unsaturated monomer of a carboxylated unsaturated polyester resin of acid value 10-90 mg KOH per g., the water containing both a base having a pK.sub.b value of 8 maximum and a dispersion stabilizer, and initiating polymerization. The polyester solution is selected for suitability for fibril formation by means of a buoyancy test.The fibrils are useful in a number of applications, for example, as fillers for paints and putties, viscosity modifiers in liquids and replacements in some applications for fibrous mineral extenders such as asbestos.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion of polymer particles wherein the polymer comprises both (a) polar groups selected from amine, ureido and thioureido groups, and (b) poly (alkylene oxide) chains covalently bonded to the polymer, the polymer comprising at least 0.1% by weight of (a), at least 0.2% of (b) and from 0.4-9.0% of (a)+(b). Dispersions according to the invention are useful in latex paint compositions, and these compositions exhibit very good moisture resistance properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous dispersions of synthetic polymer particles, particularly those used as film-forming media in surface coating compositions.The problem of maintaining under moist conditions the adhesion to a substrate of a film formed from a surface coating composition having such an aqueous dispersion as a film former can be substantially overcome by using a dispersion wherein the film-forming polymer comprises (a) polar groups selected from amine, ureido and thioureido groups (b) a proportion of monomer units derived from acrylamide and methacrylamide, and (c) a proportion of poly(alkylene oxide). The proportions of these components present by weight of the film-forming polymer are at least 0.3% of (a), at least 0.3% of (b), at least 0.5% of (c) and from 1.4-9.0% of (a)+(b)+(c).These aqueous polymer dispersions may be used in interior or exterior surface coatings.

Abstract: Aqueous slurries of vesiculated cross-linked polyester resin granules which show a shrinkage of less than 5% on drying are prepared by a double-emulsion process in the presence of polyamine having a pKa value of 8.5-10.5 at a concentration of 0.3 to 1.4 amine groups per carboxyl group of the polyester, the acid value of which is limited to 10-45 mgm KOH per gm.The granules are of particular use as opacifying matting agents in latex paints and avoid the defect observed hitherto of cracking at high film builds.

Abstract: A process for preparing a film-forming material by reacting at least two .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated monomers one of which is acrylonitrile with a drying or semi-drying oil-modified alkyd resin comprising 1% - 4% itaconic acid and then cooling the reaction mixture rapidly such that a dispersion of polymer particles of maximum diameter 2 micron is formed. The film-forming materials thus prepared are useful as constituents of fast-drying automotive refinish enamels.

Abstract: A process of modifying the levelling characteristics of a film of a polar liquid coating composition by incorporating therein 0.5-60% by weight of an amphipathic random copolymer which comprises 5-50% of a monomer which has a chain-like structure at least 80 covalent bonds long and which is soluble in poly(ethylene oxide) of molecular weight 400, and 25-95% of a (meth)acrylate monomer which comprises a chain-like moiety of at least 10 covalent atoms long and which is not soluble in poly(ethylene oxide) of molecular weight 400. The resulting copolymer may be added to polar liquid coating compositions to give useful improvements in flow and levelling characteristics.

Abstract: A matt paint which is mar-resistant is produced by the incorporation therein of polymer beads of two distinct size ranges, one range having diameters of from 2-10 micron and the other having diameters of from 10-40 micron, the total volume of beads comprising from 50-90% of the volume of the non-volatile content of the paint, and the beads of the larger size range comprising from 45-55% of the total bead volume. The reflectance of the paint is related to the size and the type of beads used.

Abstract: Aqueous coating compositions comprising ionizable salts of specific epoxy-amine adducts and acids of pK.sub.a value 1.5 - 6.0 are disclosed. The coatings are particularly useful in a cathodic electrodeposition process.

Abstract: A convertible coating composition comprising a film-forming constituent which is a blend of (1) a low molecular weight mono or diepoxide, (b) a low molecular weight compound containing at least two reactive groups at least one of which is carboxyl and the other or others carboxyl or hydroxyl groups (c) a cross-linking agent and optionally (d) an autoxidisable fatty acid or alcohol. These coating compositions are low polluting as they may be applied by the use of only small amounts of solvents.

Abstract: Aqueous coating compositions comprising ionizable salts of specific epoxy-amine adducts and acids of pK.sub.a value 1.5 - 6.0 are disclosed. The coatings are particularly useful in a cathodic electrodeposition process.

Abstract: A liquid thermosetting coating composition wherein the film-forming component is a blend ofA. from 60-95% by weight of an acid half-ester of a carboxylic acid anhydride and a polyol, the polyol being the diester of a diepoxide of epoxide equivalent 300 maximum, an autoxidative monocarboxylic fatty acid and a monocarboxylic hydroxy-acid, the acid half-ester having no epoxide groups and on average 1.5-2.5 hydroxyl groups, 1-2 carboxyl groups and 1-2 autoxidative fatty acid residues per molecule, andB. from 5-40% of a suitable crosslinking agent.The coating compositions have low viscosities at high weight solids contents, and dried films thereof exhibit excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: Novel polymerizable monomers which are ethylenically unsaturated esters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 comprises a polymerizable ethylenic double bond. Homopolymers and copolymers of the monomers are disclosed and in one embodiment provide water-dispersible film-forming polymer which may be electrophoretically deposited on a conducting substrate.