Abstract: A method for forming and bonding a corrosion resistant perovskite layer on a surface of a steel component, for example, a stainless steel crucible is disclosed. The method comprises preparing an inhibitor mixture comprising about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of a rare-earth oxide and about 0.1% to about 1% by weight of an oxidizer; preparing a molten chloride salt mixture comprising a predetermined concentration of one of a binary eutectic mixture and a ternary eutectic mixture, mixing the inhibitor mixture to the molten chloride salt mixture to produce an inhibitor salt mixture; applying the inhibitor salt mixture to the surface of the steel component to be bonded with the perovskite layer; and heat treating the steel component with said applied inhibitor salt mixture to a predetermined temperature to form and bond the perovskite layer on said surface of said steel component.

Abstract: A heat transfer fluid comprising a carrier fluid and a nano-additive is provided. The heat transfer fluid is manufactured by dispersing the nano-additive in the carrier fluid. The nano-additive comprises nano-particles having a porous structure that provides dispersion stability of the nano-additive in the heat transfer fluid. The nano-additive structure has an aspect ratio of about 1.0 to about 10,000, a porosity of about 40% to about 85%, a density of about 0.4 g/cc to about 3.0 g/cc, an average pore diameter of about 0.1 nanometer to about 100 nanometers, and a specific surface area of about 1 m2/g to about 4000 m2/g. The nano-additive increases the heat transfer efficiency of the heat transfer fluid and also reduces the moisture content of the heat transfer fluid.