Abstract: A photogrammetric camera, in particular for photogrammetric measurements of technical objects, has a primary lens system (10) designed as a focussable objective and a combination of at least one high-resolution sensor (12, 14, 16) and a lens unit (18, 20, 22) which acts as a secondary lens system for producing an enlarged section of the focal plane of the primary objective on the high-resolution sensor. The secondary objective and the high-resolution sensor are movable across the optical axis (26) of the primary objective. High-resolution distance measurement devices (28, 30) which detect the distance between the projection center of the secondary objective and a reference point of the high-resolution sensor on the one hand and the optical axis of the primary objective on the other hand are associated to the secondary objective and to the high-resolution sensor.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for determining the position of a body to be positioned with respect to a reference body. The body to be positioned carries a graduation with optical detectors. The coordinates of a projection center are trigonometrically calculated from the projection angles formed between the projection center and at least three light marks projected onto the graduation, as well as from the distance between the light marks. The projection center is formed by the common intersection point between the optical axes or by the common intersection line between the optical planes of at least three diverging and/or converging projectors arranged on the reference body and which emit light beams or light planes. The light marks projected onto the graduation are detected by the optical detectors.

Abstract: The description relates to a process for determining the location of a positioning body in relation to a reference body and a device for implementing it. The positioning body (10) bears a scale with evenly spaced markings and the reference body comprises a scanner (12) with a projection surface on which the mark (16) of the scale are projected and imaging optics. The coordinates of the center of projection of the imaging optics are calculated by evaluating the mark (16) arranged on the scale. Here, coded marks of two perpendicular surface scales of the scale or the positioning body are decoded and at least four centers of intersection regions of the marks of both surface scales confining an area are determined. The calculation is made via the protective relationship between the projection surface of the scanner and the plane of the scale bearing the marks.

Abstract: Described is a method of determining the position of a position-control element relative to a reference body, the position-control element or the reference body carrying a first scale with graduations placed at constant intervals, and the reference body or position-control element having a first scanner which, from an analysis of the graduations and from the angles subtended by the distances between the first scanner location and three graduations on the scale, calculates the coordinates of the first scanner location trigonometrically. In order to make it possible to calculate other coordinates and angles of inclination, the method calls for at least one additional scanner mounted a certain distance from the first scanner. All the coordinates of the scanner locations are processed together, allowing for the distance separating the scanners.

Abstract: The description relates to a process for determining the position of a positioning body in relation to a reference body in which the positioning body has a scale with markings at constant distances and the reference body has a scanner with a projection surface on which the markings of the scale are projected by imaging optics. The coordinates of the projection center of the imaging optics are trigonometrically calculated from the projection angles between the projection center and three markings arranged on the scale and from the constant distance between the markings. In addition, the angle of inclination of the positioning body in relation to the reference body is trigonometrically calculated via the co-ordinates found for the projection center, the distance between the projection center from the projection surface of the scanner and the image co-ordinates of the base of the vertical position of the position center above the projection surface.

Abstract: The position of a reference point of a scanner relative to an incremental scale with marks arranged thereon with constant spacings is roughly determined based on the marks passed along the scale multiplied by the spacing of the marks, and finely determined by interpolation between the marks. The interpolation between the marks is made by determining the projection angles between the reference point and three marks adjacently arranged on the scale, and by calculating the coordinates of the reference point according to trigonometric functions.