Abstract: A process is provided for producing glycolic acid from formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide. More specifically, heat-treated formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide are reacted to produce glycolonitrile having low concentrations of impurities. The glycolonitrile is subsequently converted to an aqueous solution of ammonium glycolate using an enzyme catalyst having nitrilase activity derived from Acidovorax facilis 72W (ATCC 57746). Glycolic acid is recovered in the form of the acid or salt from the aqueous ammonium glycolate solution using a variety of methods described herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for encapsulating a substrate, which comprises: (a1) providing a substrate with a plurality of chips mounted on a top of the substrate; (b1) compressing a dry film photoresist on the top side of the substrate to form a photoresist layer; (c1) exposing the photoresist layer to a light source through a mask to form unexposed photoresist regions and exposed photoresist regions; (d1) developing the photoresist layer to uncover underlying portions of the unexposed photoresist regions; (e1) molding the top side of the substrate with a molding material; (f1) curing the molding material; and (g1) removing the unexposed photoresist regions from the substrate with a photoresist-removing agent.

Abstract: Disclosed is an arrangement for quickly measuring the phase distribution or the component distribution in a flow cross section for substance mixtures also of a non-conducting type by measuring the complex electrical admittance. Said arrangement essentially features the following: at least one sine wave generator (5) which is mounted upstream from the transmitter electrodes (3a) of the excitation level and applies an alternating voltage to the transmitter electrodes (3a); current-to-voltage converters (7) which are mounted downstream from the receiver electrodes (3b), amplify the alternating current that flows from at least one excitation electrode (3a) through the medium to the receiver electrodes (3b), and convert said alternating current into a voltage signal; filter groups (10, 11, 16) and vector voltmeters (8) which are mounted downstream from the current-to-voltage converters (7) and allow the complex signal ratio Ua/Ue to be metrologically detected.

Abstract: A stator assembly and a method for making a stator assembly wherein the stator assembly is over-molded with thermally conductive and electrically insulating polymer composition. The stator core of the stator assembly is coated with adhesive component to provide higher heat transfer at the interface of stator core and over-molded insulator and coil.

Abstract: Phospholipid-analogous compounds of the general formula (I) in which A is where R1 and R2 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, a saturated or unsaturated acyl or alkyl radical which can optionally be branched or/and substituted, where the total of the carbon atoms in the acyl and alkyl is 16 to 44 carbon atoms, s is an integer from 0 to 8, c is a radical of a primary or secondary alcohol of the formula RO—, where R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical, mainly with cis double bond, of from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 8, R3— a can be 1,2-dihydroxypropyl or b can be alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms when z is >0 or c can be alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms when n?2, and z=0, m is 1 or 2, x is an integer from 0 to 8, y is 1 for z=1 to 5 or is 1 to 4 for z=1, z is an integer from 0 to 5, are novel and are suitable as liposome constituents, solubilizers and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A saddle pad that exhibits pockets on its top side facing toward a saddle to be laid on, arranged along and to the left and right of a line of symmetry of the saddle pad. The pockets extend over the entire length of the saddle pad. Inserted into the pockets is a plate-shaped spring device, by which optimal stabilization and pressure distribution are achieved, even when treeless saddles are provided for the riding of a riding animal.

Abstract: A method is provided for evaluating a protected plant having a protection mechanism. A population of immature insects (i.e., larvae or nymphs) belonging to an insect species having a plurality of instars is first exposed to the protected plant such that the protected plant is at least contacted thereby. The insect exposure extends for a selected time period corresponding to a sublethal exposure of the insect population to the protected plant. The exposure of the insect population to the protected plant is then halted following the selected time period and insects collected. A physical characteristic of at least some collected insects is measured and the immature insects are then sorted into instars. The measured physical characteristics are then statistically analyzed across the instars so as to determine an efficacy of the protection mechanism of the protected plant with respect to the insect population. Associated methods are also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions comprising an ionomer and a polyamine or a tertiary polyamide. The polyamine and the tertiary polyamide have a molecular weight of greater than 500 Da and do not contain an ester moiety or a primary amine moiety. The polyamine comprises at least three moieties that are tertiary amines or hindered secondary amines, and the polyamide comprises tertiary amide moieties and no secondary or primary amide moieties. The compositions may optionally include a filler. Further provided are articles such as golf balls and films containing these compositions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a composition having a carrier matrix, and a particulate luminescent composition dispersed therein, the particulate luminescent composition comprising a rare-earth-doped solid-state solution of alkaline earth fluorides represented by the chemical formula REx(CaaSrbBac)1?xF2+x?2yOy wherein RE represents a three-valent rare-earth element, 0.005?x?0.20, and 0?y?0.2, a+b+c=1, with the proviso at least two of a, b, and c are not equal to zero; the particulate luminescent composition exhibiting a luminescence spectrum having a plurality of intensity peaks at characteristic wavelengths. It is further directed to a process by contacting a surface with the composition and articles made therefrom.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a micromechanical structure, first a two-dimensional structure is formed in a substrate. The two-dimensional structure is deflected from the substrate plane by action of force and fixed in the deflected state.

Abstract: A container assembly includes exterior storage recesses or other accommodating spaces or members into which one or more cartridges may be removably inserted for the storage of chemical compounds. In various embodiments, one or more storage containers may contain a liquid and a solid component or a crystalline or powder and a solid component to be mixed in an interior of the container body, for example with water or other liquid, to form an activated compound. That compound or solution may be or include a pesticide, herbicide, fungicide, fuel mixture, cleaner, or other end product. The storage cartridges containing the ingredients may be configured to threadedly engage an outer cap which attaches to an opening in the container body.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a process for preparing a compound of Formula I that is achiral, racemic or enantiomerically enriched at the hydroxylation center indicated by * comprising contacting a compound of Formula II with an oxidant selected from oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, peracids or alkyl hydroperoxides in the presence of a zirconium complex, wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the disclosure. This invention also pertains to zirconium complexes useful in this procedure comprising zirconium and a ligand of Formula III or its enantiomer wherein J, R6 and n are as defined in the disclosure. This invention further pertains to a compound of Formula III or its enantiomer.

Abstract: A self-lubricating guiding element which is characterized in that the body thereof is made from a material with high resistance to wear and/or seizing and corrosion. Each of the ends of the bore in the body is equipped with at least one groove which is intended to prevent the lubricant from leaving the friction zone. In addition, the bore comprises oriented slots, at least between the grooves, which open into at least one of the grooves and which are used to store lubricant.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for improving certain physical properties of polyesters are provided. The compositions are based on poly(trimethylene ether)glycol, and can improve properties such as toughness and flexibility in polyesters, providing a balance of desired properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method including (A) melt blending first components including (a-1) a poly(trimethylene terephthalate) homopolymer or copolymer resin; and (a-2) one or more ionomer polymers or a combination of one or more ionomer polymers and acid polymers; to provide a first melt blend; and (B) melt blending said first melt blend with one or more Group B polymeric toughener(s) selected from the group consisting of an ethylene copolymers of the formula E/X/Y wherein: E is the radical formed from ethylene; X is selected from the group consisting of radicals formed from CH2?CH(R1)—C(O)—OR2 Y is one or more radicals formed from selected monomers with the proviso that Y must include at least one radical formed from monomers selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic acid monoesters, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, fumaric acid monoesters, salts of said preceding acids, and glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and glycidyl vinyl ether.

Abstract: A field emission device in which a protectin vapor is present in an evacuated space between a field emission cathode assembly and an anode. The protectin vapor may be one or more hydrogen-containing gases suc as a gas containing M—H bonds where M may be C, Si, B, Al or P. The protecting vapor has within the evacuated space a partial pressure greater than about 10?8 Torr (1.33×10?6Pe) et 20° C.

Abstract: A process for the insertion of a fluorinated olefin into a fluorinated iodide in the presence of a nickel catalyst at a temperature of a maximum of 150° C. with an initial rate of 0.04 mole/hour without loss of selectivity is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for purification of metallurgical grade silicon by directional solidification and for obtaining silicon ingots for photovoltaic use. The method comprises a preheating step, up to a temperature that is higher than the melting point of silicon, of a quartz crucible (18) that is accommodated in a containment enclosure (19) arranged inside a chamber (4) of a furnace. The chamber (4) of the furnace is delimited by a covering structure (3) and by a footing (2), which can move with respect to each other, or vice versa, toward or away from each other along a vertical direction respectively for opening and closing the chamber (4). Heating occurs by way of heating means (10) of the electric type, which are associated with the walls of the covering structure (3).

Abstract: Poly(trimethylene terephthalate compositions comprising (a) molding resin comprising a poly(trimethylene terephthalate) resin and 0.1 to 4 weight percent of one or more ionomer polymers or a combination of the ionomer polymers and acid copolymers; (b) 0 to about 50 weight percent of one or more fillers, based on the total weight of the molding resin; and (c) about 1.0 to about 5 weight percent of one or more Group A polymeric tougheners based on the total weight of components (a) and (c); wherein: each ionomer polymer and acid copolymer has: C3 to C8 carboxylic acid repeat units; a weight percent, W, based on the weight of components (a) and (c); a weight fraction of C3 to C8 carboxylic acid repeat units, Z, based on the weight of each ionomer or acid copolymer; and a neutralization ratio, N, ranging in value from 0 to 1.

Abstract: An embodiment of a device for generating a note signal upon a manual input includes an operator to enable a user of the same as an input to define one or several points as an input signal, and a controller which is implemented to receive the input signal and to generate a note signal based on the input signal and an allocation function. The allocation function allocates one single or no tone to each point of a two-dimensional definition amount with a tone quality axis and a frequency axis. The definition amount has a plurality of base points. Here, exactly one tone is allocated to each of the base points.