Abstract: Processes for the preparation of dialkyl ethers from C4 to C8 straight-chain alcohols using an ionic liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of gene trap vector (enhanced gene trap vectors, eGTV) for efficiently identifying silent or weakly expressed target genes in mammalian genomes, methods of their production and methods for identifying and mutating target genes by using the enhanced gene trap vectors. The gene trap vectors of the present invention can also be used for inducing the expression of silent genes and enhancing the expression of weakly expressed genes. The use of the enhanced gene trap vectors for creating transgenic organisms to identify gene function and to validate pharmaceutical compounds prior to clinical applications is a further aspect of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of carbon monoxide (CO) to treat infections. The invention also provides novel carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs).

Abstract: The present invention relates to fibrous pulp comprising a combination of polypyridobisimidazole fibrous structures and fibrous structures derived from another polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to wafer level, chip scale semiconductor device packaging compositions capable of providing high density, small scale circuitry lines without the use of photolithography. The wafer level package comprises a stress buffer layer containing a polymer binder and a spinel crystal filler in both a non-activated and a laser activated form. The stress buffer layer is patterned with a laser to thereby activate the filler, and the laser ablation path can then be selectively metalized.

Abstract: Novel proteins are provided herein, including proteins capable of catalyzing the acetylation of glyphosate and other structurally related proteins. Also provided are novel polynucleotides capable of encoding these proteins, compositions that include one or more of these novel proteins and/or polynucleotides, recombinant cells and transgenic plants comprising these novel compounds, diversification methods involving the novel compounds, and methods of using the compounds. Some of the novel methods and compounds provided herein can be used to render an organism, such as a plant, resistant to glyphosate.

Abstract: A concept is disclosed for outputting a file having a media data container and a metadata container, the concept including providing an error information related to a data sample and storing the error information together with a sample number related to the data sample in the metadata container.

Abstract: A starting material comprising 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene is contacted with an aluminum chlorofluoride (AlClxF3-x) catalyst to obtain a final product wherein the Z/E ratio of 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene is either increased or decreased relative to the Z/E ratio of 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene in said starting material.

Abstract: A conditioning device (100) for biological cells includes a support (10), adapted to support at least one biological cell (1) in a supporting zone (11), and a contact device (20), adapted to support at least one conditioning sample (3) and to displace the at least one conditioning sample (3) relative to the support (10) in such a manner that the at least one conditioning sample (3) touches the at least one biological cell (1), the contact device (20) including at least two mechanical supporting elements (21, 22) that can be displaced from various spatial directions towards the support (10). The invention also relates to methods for conditioning, especially imprinting or differentiating biological cells and to uses of the conditioning device.

Abstract: In a paste for a solar cell light-receiving surface electrode including silver particles, glass frit, resin binder, and thinner, silver particles with a specific surface of 0.20-0.60 m2/g are used as the silver particles. The silver particles are preferably included at 80 mass % or more to the total amount of silver particles being included in the paste.

Abstract: A refrigeration unit and diagnostic method therefore are provided. The refrigeration unit includes: a housing with an insulated cavity for storing food and beverages; a vapor cycle system operative to cool the food and beverages in the insulated cavity; a plurality of sensors in communication with the vapor cycle system and outputting data relative to the vapor cycle system; and a controller that, according to the data from the plurality of sensors, determines an occurrence of an event. Wherein the controller logs the data from the plurality of sensors to a data structure according to a first data-logging mode, and logs the data to the data structure according to a second data-logging mode upon occurrence of the event. In one embodiment the refrigeration unit may be a refrigeration line replaceable unit (LRU) configured for an aircraft galley.

Abstract: The manipulation of audio data can be simplified, such as, for example, with regard to the combination of individual audio data streams to multi-channel audio data streams or the general manipulation of an audio data stream, by modifying a data block in an audio data stream divided into data blocks with determination block and data block audio data, such as by completing or adding or replacing part of the same, so that the same includes a length indicator indicating an amount or length of data, respectively, of the data block audio data or an amount or length of data, respectively, of the data block to obtain a second audio data stream with modified data blocks. Alternatively, an audio data stream with pointers in determination blocks, which point to determination block audio data associated to this determination blocks, but distributed among different data blocks, is converted into an audio data stream, wherein the determination block audio data are combined to contiguous determination block audio data.

Abstract: A machine for creping sheet material such as paper, textiles, metal foils, or plastic, comprises a driving drum, and a pressing plate for pressing a length of sheet material against the drum to drive the material lengthwise in the machine direction, and a retarding member arranged to contact the lengthwise-driven sheet material to cause it to crepe. The pressing plate has a plurality of pressure application points or areas distributed across the width of the sheet material on the drum, the pressure application points or areas being associated with pneumatic cylinders for applying different pressures to different parts of the material across its width according to a given pressure profile. The pneumatic cylinders can be arranged in groups to provide an adjustable pressure profile across the material wherein the pressures applied at the opposite edges of the material and at intermediate parts of the material are adjustable independently of one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to hard-coated bodies with a single- or multi-layer system containing at least one Ti1-xAlxN hard layer and a method for production thereof. The aim of the invention is to achieve a significantly improved wear resistance and oxidation resistance for such hard-coated bodies. Said hard-coated bodies are characterised in that the bodies are coated with at least one Ti1-xAlxN hard layer, generated by CVD without plasma stimulation present as a single-phase layer with cubic NaCl structure with a stoichiometric coefficient x>0.75 to x=0.93 and a lattice constant afcc between 0.412 nm and 0.405 nm, or as a multi-phase layer, the main phase being Ti1-xAlxN with a cubic NaCl structure with a stoichiometric coefficient x>0.75 to x=0.93 and a lattice constant afcc between 0.412 nm and 0.405 nm, with Ti1-xAlxN with a wurtzite structure and/or as TiNx with NaCl structure as further phase. Another feature of said hard layer is that the chlorine content is in the range of only 0.05 to 0.9 atom %.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) of an optical fiber by arranging the optical fiber at substantially zero tension on a surface, propagating prescribed evaluation optical signals along the optical fiber, measuring fiber Differential Group Delay (DGD) values in response to the evaluation optical signals, repeating at least once the acts of propagating and measuring, each time preliminarily inducing a change in a mode coupling of the fiber, and determining the fiber PMD on the basis of a calculated DGD average value. Changes in the polarization mode coupling of the fiber are induced by, moving at least a section of the fiber substantially orthogonally to the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cooling or heating system and apparatus containing a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also provides for the performance of a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle that utilizes refrigerants and absorbents such as fluorocarbon gases in fluorinated ionic liquids. The present invention also provides a method of cooling by the execution of a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle using a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid. The present invention also provides a method of heating by the execution of a hybrid vapor compression-absorption cycle using a refrigerant pair comprising at least one refrigerant and at least one ionic liquid.

Abstract: A computer system (2) is provided which is arranged to receive network data (1) identifying nodes and links between nodes. The computer system (2) processes the input network data (1) to utilise the network topology to identify nodes and links having high importance for network integrity. A report (4) identifying the critical components can then be output.

Abstract: Disclosed are adhesive compositions comprising nonfunctionalized base resins and functionalized ethylene copolymers such as ethylene/maleic anhydride (E/MAH) or ethylene/ethyl hydrogen maleate (E/MAME) copolymer, which are synthesized directly in a high pressure autoclave. These adhesive compositions can be applied as self-supporting films or can be co-extruded or extrusion coated onto a substrate. Also disclosed are multilayer structures, films, pipe coatings and building panels comprising these compositions.