Abstract: This invention relates to a treatment method and apparatus directed to improving water quality, increasing net energy production, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions without employing bioreactor processing for waters containing suspended organic solids, PPCPs, PFAS, negative colloids, heavy metals, phosphates, nitrates, carbonates, silicates, chlorides and sodium ions. It employs SO2, sulfites and bisulfites to self-agglomerate suspended organic solids with sorbed PFAS and PPCPs, and acid leach heavy metals into solution. Subsequent liming filtration separates of metal hydroxides and insoluble calcium salts while chemically conditioning the separated organic solids for gasification or burning. The second filtrate is then exposed to ultra violet light for pathogen disinfection, and exciting sulfites to remove nitrates, and degrade PFAS and PPCPs to form a disinfected metal free salt balanced reclaimed wastewater with reduced PFAS, PPCPs, pathogens and negligible nitrogen and phosphorous.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment method and apparatus separating suspended solids in influent wastewater streams, and injecting SO2 or sulfurous acid into the suspended solids at a pH and dwell time to generate sufficient sulfurous acid with free SO2, sulfites and bisulfites to self-agglomerate the suspended solids, acid leach heavy metals contained in and on the suspended solids into solution for subsequent separation, condition the suspended solids for chemical dewatering producing a dried biofuel biosolid with less than 10% by weight water and a BTU content between 6,000 and 9,000 BTU/lb., and gasifying or combusting the dried acid treated suspended solids to produce power or energy with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

Abstract: A combination marine exhaust gas scrubber and ballast disinfection system using seawater/water surrounding a ship to reduce/scrub smoke-stack emissions and produce a disinfected seawater/water for ballast, which can then be periodically or continually discharged back into the seawater/water body without concern for the spread of non-invasive species.

Abstract: An iron cation/sulfate alkalinization/sulfurous acid sulfide treatment method for industrial wastewaters to remove selenium and heavy metals to levels suitable for open stream discharge, land application, or power plant effluent discharge standards.

Abstract: A combination marine exhaust gas scrubber and ballast disinfection system using seawater/water surrounding a ship to reduce/scrub smoke-stack emissions and produce a disinfected seawater/water for ballast, which can then be periodically or continually discharged back into the seawater/water body without concern for the spread of non-invasive species.

Abstract: A redox water treatment method comprises first determining the composition of water and whether water treatment requires either oxidation or reduction, or both to optimize nitrogen removal by a bioreactor. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is injected into the water to be treated to provide H+, SO2, SO3=, HSO3?, dithionous acid (H2S2O4), and other sulfur intermediate reduction products forming a sulfur dioxide treated water, which behaves either as a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent depending on the strength of the acid concentration, which alters sulfurous acid from a reducing agent to a more powerful oxidizing agent.

Abstract: An iron cation/sulfate alkalinization/sulfurous acid sulfide treatment method for industrial wastewaters to remove selenium and heavy metals to levels suitable for open stream discharge, land application, or power plant effluent discharge standards.

Abstract: A scaling inhibitor and disinfectant treatment method for waters containing contaminants such as selenium, heavy metals, bicarbonates, and phosphates using sulfurous acid to minimize scaling and prevent biofilms to protect reverse osmosis membranes, brine line conveyance systems, and water processing equipment.

Abstract: An improved sulfurous acid dechlorination method of chlorinated waters to increase sulfites, prevent SO2 gassing off, and off-setting monovalent chlorides in the treated water for land application.

Abstract: A sulfurous acid/lime alkalinization pre-treatment sequential filtration method for industrial wastewaters containing colloids of starch, milk, whey, and other similar acting organic components to condition and remove a number of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and heavy metals before the treated filtrate is land applied or undergoes further biological nitrogen reduction for open stream discharge via anaerobic and aerobic treatment.

Abstract: A rapidly installed intermittent flow and storm water treatment method and apparatus employing rapid solids separation and sulfur dioxide chemical dewatering technology to produce disinfected reclaimed storm water with heavy metals removed and diluted nutrients suitable for open stream or land application.

Abstract: A redox ore leaching treatment method utilizing sulfurous acid to act as either an oxidizing or a reducing solution via pH adjustment for ore leaching and bioleaching.

Abstract: A pre-treatment method injecting sulfur dioxide into waters containing suspended solids to undergo ultra violet disinfection to form sulfurous acid (H2SO3) to self-agglomerate and precipitate solids from the wastewater for settling or filtration removal and provide acid to reduce bicarbonate and mineral scaling and microbial buildup on ultraviolet light tubes to improve their performance.

Abstract: A method of conditioning, separating, drying, and comminuting sulfurous acid treated wastewater suspended solids for addition to aerobic and anaerobic digesters to provide electron donor carbon and sulfur compounds to increase the removal rate of ammonia, nitrates/nitrites, and BOD compounds.

Abstract: A method for sulfurous acid leaching of heavy metals from soils into a contaminated water fraction for subsequent precipitation with alkaline and nutrient reagents for filtration removal to provide a metal free soil and reclaimed water suitable for raising crops and open stream discharge.

Abstract: A hybrid chemical/mechanical water treatment plant and method employing rapid sulfur dioxide chemical disinfection and dewatering technology in conjunction with lime and oxidization/reduction agents to removal pharmaceuticals and personal care products from waters to meet operating constraints and environmental permitting restrictions and siting limitations for water treatment.

Abstract: A method for treating ballast water with sulfurous acid to kill invasive species and remove oxygen from the ballast water to preserve hulls from rusting.

Abstract: A redox ore leaching treatment method utilizing sulfurous acid to act as either an oxidizing or a reducing solution via pH adjustment for ore leaching and bioleaching.

Abstract: A redox water treatment method utilizing sulfurous acid to act as either an oxidizing or a reducing solution via pH adjustment for water conditioning

Abstract: A sulfurous acid/alkalinization pre-treatment method for wastewaters to condition and remove a number of chemicals/pharmaceuticals and heavy metals before the recovered treated influent undergoes further biological reduction via anaerobic and aerobic digestion.