Abstract: A force measuring apparatus comprises a steel base body and a bending element joined thereto. The bending element comprises a composite of at least first and second layers. The first layer is comprised of steel and is welded to the base body. The second layer is comprised of a hard material which is harder than the steel material of the first layer. The second layer includes a section of reduced thickness defining a bending region to which a deformation sensor is attached to sense deformations of said bending region in response to the application of the force being sensed.

Abstract: A control circuit layout of a control system is divided into two partial strands 110, 112 connected in parallel, each partial strand 110, 112 provided with two control elements 114, 118 of different sensitivity. Supplemental controls 140, 142 assure the automatic transition without jolting between the partial strands 110, 112 whenever the range is exceeded or, declined by, the set control variable value. If needed, each partial strand is provided with its own measuring apparatus.

Abstract: A system having a control variable, such as a proportion of a certain substance in a solution, maintains a set value of that control variable by obtaining a measuring signal as a function of the control value. That function is characterized by a curve having an extreme value dividing the curve into monotonically ascending and descending sections. The measuring signal is compared with a reference value corresponding to the set value of the control variable to obtain a different value. When the difference value lies within a predetermined range, a first signal generator is actuated to correct the deviation of the control variable. When the difference value lies outside of that range, a second signal generator is actuated to correct the deviation of the control value within a section of the curve which would be unstable if correction were instead to be made by the first signal generator.

Abstract: AC interference signals are eliminating during amplification of certain DC signals of interest in a low-pass amplifier by providing an auxiliary AC amplifier in like configuration as the low-pass amplifier, amplifying the interference signals in the auxiliary amplifier, and applying the resulting compensation signal to a summing node of the low-pass amplifier in counterphase to the original interference signals. Such an approach avoids much of the complexity and cost of prior art compensating networks.

Abstract: A plurality of burners, e.g., steam boiler burners, are provided with air and fuel through separate conduits. A separate air volume regulator is provided for each burner, but only a single fuel volume regulator is provided for all burners. After one burner has been ignited, a signal representative of the air volume associated therewith is supplied to an additional burner, whereby substantially the same volume of air is supplied to the additional burner. To ignite the additional burner, it is then only necessary to double the volume of fuel being supplied, and divide that fuel volume equally among the burners.

Abstract: A differential pressure transducer determines a differential between two pressures. The transducer comprises a closed measuring chamber formed by at least two measuring membranes arranged to be acted upon by the two pressures, respectively. At least one pressure chamber is defined by a transmission membrane and one of the measuring membranes. A bendable bar is disposed in the pressure transmission chamber, i.e., outside of the measuring chamber, and is operably connected to the measuring membranes to be bent thereby in response to a pressure differential. Strain gauges are mounted on the bendable bar for detecting the amount of bending of the bar, thereby enabling the pressure differential to be determined.

Abstract: In a technological process two liquids are available for heating purposes, of which the warmer one is to be chosen. For this purpose, the temperature of the two liquids is measured and the flow of the two liquids is controlled as a function of the temperatures by means of actuators. This control is carried out such that at a temperature of the colder liquid which is much lower than the temperature of the warmer liquid, the latter flow is utilized. When the temperature of the colder liquid approaches the temperature of the warmer liquid, the actuator for the colder liquid is slowly opened. In the case of equal liquid temperatures, both actuators are fully opened. If the temperature of the former colder liquid exceeds that of the former warmer liquid, the actuator of the formerly warmer liquid is slowly closed, while the actuator of the formerly colder liquid remains fully open. Sudden large temperature variances of the heating liquid are thereby avoided.

Abstract: A crossed-bellows controller which includes four bellows arranged in cruciform. The bellows are surrounded by a movable baffle ring which serves as a baffle plate for a nozzle. A frame-shaped cage is provided within the baffle ring, with the cage being connected through one pair of bellows with a central member. The baffle ring is connected with the cage through the other pair of bellows.

Abstract: A controller with adjustable proportionality range wherein a ring is acted upon by a pressure differential in measuring unit formed as, for example, pairs of bellows or the like. The measuring units have axes of effectiveness which are perpendicular to each other. The ring cooperates as a baffle ring with a pivotable nozzle. The measuring units are articulated in diametrical opposition to the ring with the axes of effectiveness of one of the measuring units extending radially and the axis of effectiveness of the other measuring unit extending tangentially of the ring or in parallel to the tangential direction.The present invention relates to a controller and, more particularly, to a controller with an adjustable proportionality range wherein a ring is acted upon by pressure differences in measuring units formed as, for example, pairs of bellows or the like, having axes of effectiveness which are perpendicular to each other, with the ring cooperating as a baffle ring with a pivotable nozzle.

Abstract: A circuit for pneumatic controllers, a proportional-action range of which is adjustable, with the circuit including at least one differential amplifier having input pressure chambers being exposed to pressures derived between two throttle resistors respectively inserted in the measured value X input line and the desired value W-input line. All of the resistors are constant and a connecting line is interposed between connecting sections of the resistors, with the connecting line being provided with an adjustable throttle resistor.

Abstract: A multiple plug-in connector device is constructed as a plurality of connector housings, each including connector elements, such as sockets, and each being mounted in frame structure for guidable movement toward and away from a plug connection providing a plurality of plug pins.

Abstract: A connection plug element is provided as a plurality of contact plates being supported in a frame structure. The frame structure includes a plurality of slotted insertion passages for the contact plates which extend into the frame to a midpoint stop zone. The slotted grooves allow coding of the contact plates in a manner to be associated with a socket connection having corresponding socket openings. The plug element is useful in installations of instruments and switching panels.

Abstract: A fluid control valve including a housing clampable between pipe flanges of pipes leading to and from the housing. A valve module is detachably insertable in said housing and includes a valve duct having a cylindrical shaped seat surface and a pivotally mounted valve body having a curved surface conforming in shape to the seat surface. The valve body is pivotally mounted at an extension of the valve duct. The pivot axis for the valve body is spaced from the center of curvature of the valve seat surface.