Abstract: A method of medium access control (MAC) type detection for a communication device compatible of a plurality of media each conformed to a communication standard in a network system is disclosed. The method comprises generating a library, wherein the library includes at least a character for each medium, configuring a MAC layer of the communication device according to the library, and determining the existence of a medium according to the configuration result.

Abstract: A method of determining a tone-specific information with a tone index for a transmitter or a receiver in a communication system is disclosed. The method comprises selecting at least one base tone index from a plurality of base tone indices according to at least one relation between the tone index and the at least one base tone index, and generating the tone allocation according to at least one base tone allocation with the at least one base tone index of a plurality of base tone allocations, and the at least one relation between the tone index and the at least one base tone index; wherein a base tone map comprises the plurality of base tone indices and the plurality of base tone allocations.

Abstract: A parallel hybrid circuit comprising a transformer, a first matching resistor, a second matching resistor and an echo cancelling circuit. The transformer comprises: a first side, comprising a transmitting coil group and a receiving coil group, wherein the transmitting coil group comprises at least one transmitting coil, wherein the receiving coil group comprises at least one receiving coil; a second side comprising at least one transceiving coil; wherein the transformer receives a transmitting signal and couples the transmitting signal from the first side to the second side via a first turn ratio, and receives a receiving signal from the transceiving line and couples the receiving signal from the second side to the first side via a second turn ratio. The first, second matching resistors are coupled with the transformer in parallel. The echo cancelling circuit is coupled between the transmitting line and the receiving line.

Abstract: A method of unified parameter mapping for a communication device comprising a medium access control (MAC) abstraction sub-layer for converging a plurality of media in a network system is disclosed. The method comprises obtaining a unified parameter and value of the unified parameter from an upper layer of the MAC abstraction sub-layer, and a medium type of a MAC layer underlying the MAC abstraction sub-layer, determining a special parameter for configuration of the medium type of the MAC layer and a format of the special parameter according to the medium type of the MAC layer and the unified parameter, and generating value of the special parameter according to the value of the unified parameter and the format of the special parameter.