Abstract: Roadways are deiced or ice formation on roadways is prevented by applying salt compositions derived from waste water streams from water softening operations.

Abstract: In oil or gas well drilling, saline water is collected and separated into first and second streams of solid or liquid products containing salts. The first or second product is added to drilling fluids as a weighting agent.

Abstract: Roadways are deiced or ice formation on roadways is prevented by applying salt compositions derived from waste water streams from water softening operations.

Abstract: Roadways are deiced or ice formation on roadways is prevented by applying salt compositions derived from waste water streams from water softening operations.

Abstract: In oil or gas well drilling, saline water is collected and separated into first and second streams of solid or liquid products containing salts. The first products are used in formulating cements for fabricating drilled well casings.

Abstract: The invention relates to treating unwanted moderately saline water for producing useful water. The treated water is also suitable for human and livestock consumption. The process includes passing moderately saline waters having 0.05% or more weight and less than 1.00% by weight of the salts of Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cl, SO4, or CO3 or combinations thereof through an ion exchange media (FIG. 2). The ion exchange media is pre-treated to be saturated with multivalent cations such as calcium (Ca2+) or magnesium (Mg2+) ions (FIG. 2). After passing through the ion exchange media, the effluent has decreased sodium cations and increased calcium and/or magnesium cations compared to the pre-treated moderately saline water (FIG. 2). As the moderately saline waters pass through the ion exchange media, the sodium content of the media rises as the multivalent cation content lowers until the media is unacceptable for further water treatment and must be regenerated.

Abstract: A method of improving oil or gas well production has the steps of (a) collecting contaminated water having 0.15% or more by weight of the salts of Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO4 or CO3 or combinations thereof (b) separation processing the contaminated water to produce i.) a first separated liquid product having increased sodium chloride and decreased magnesium chloride and calcium chloride or combinations thereof than the collected water, and ii) a second solid or liquid product having decreased sodium chloride and increased magnesium chloride and calcium chloride or combinations thereof than the collected water, and (c) injecting the first liquid product into an oil or gas well formation to improve production.

Abstract: Water contaminated with sodium, calcium or magnesium salts or chloride, sulfate or carbonate salts is processed to produce a clean water stream and a waste water stream. The clean water stream is analyzed to determine if the sodium content is too high for potable use and, if so, the clean water stream is applied to soil to improve rain catchment for pond sealing.