Abstract: Cancer immunotherapy has achieved immense clinical success with long survival even in the most difficult to treat cancer. Yet this effect is only observed in a minority and there are no biomarkers of this response. The methods described herein reduce immunosenescence, improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes, vaccination outcomes, and/or treatment of infectious diseases using two independent measures of systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge—and cytokine response score—CRS) to stratify patients into responders versus non-responders to cancer immunotherapy, vaccination, and/or anti-pathogen therapies. The iAge personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce iAge and to convert nonresponders patients into responders prior to treatment. Nonresponders can be converted to responders by treating the patients to reduce their iAge and improve their CRS.

Abstract: The compounds and methods described herein can improve iAge (Inflammatory Age) of patients with a specific immunotype. For example, a patients iAge can be moved into a responders cohort from a non-responders cohort for an immunotherapy. The compounds and methods described herein can also improve cardiovascular patient outcomes using cAge to stratify CVD patients into risk cohorts for therapy and monitoring. Higher risk CVD patients can be converted to lower risk patients by treating the patients with molecules that reduce their cAge.

Abstract: The methods and compositions described herein improve cardiovascular outcomes using measures related to systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge, the cardiovascular age—cAge, and levels of certain markers) to stratify patients into low risk and high risk groups. The personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce cAge and to convert high risk patients into low risk patients. High risk patients can be converted to low risk patients by treating the patients to reduce their cAge, iAge and/or improve their CRS.

Abstract: The methods and compositions described herein improve cardiovascular outcomes using measures related to systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge, the cardiovascular age—cAge, and levels of certain markers) to stratify patients into low risk and high risk groups. The personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce cAge and to convert high risk patients into low risk patients. High risk patients can be converted to low risk patients by treating the patients to reduce their cAge, iAge and/or improve their CRS.

Abstract: The compounds and methods described herein can improve iAge (Inflammatory Age) of patients with a specific immunotype. For example, a patients iAge can be moved into a responders cohort from a non-responders cohort for an immunotherapy. The compounds and methods described herein can also improve cardiovascular patient outcomes using cAge to stratify CVD patients into risk cohorts for therapy and monitoring. Higher risk CVD patients can be converted to lower risk patients by treating the patients with molecules that reduce their cAge.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for measuring the levels of chronic inflammaging (SCI) of a subject. In some embodiments, the method may comprise measuring the amount of two or more of the proteins CXCL9, TRAIL, IFNG, EOTAXIN and GROA in a sample (e.g., blood serum) from the subject calculating a score based on the weighted amounts of each of those proteins.

Abstract: The methods and compositions described herein improve cardiovascular outcomes using measures related to systemic chronic inflammation (the inflammatory age—iAge, the cardiovascular age—cAge, and levels of certain markers) to stratify patients into low risk and high risk groups. The personalized immune proteome signature creates an individualized initial therapy to reduce cAge and to convert high risk patients into low risk patients. High risk patients can be converted to low risk patients by treating the patients to reduce their cAge, iAge and/or improve their CRS.