Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersants are made by reacting an (a) alkenyl succinic anhydride, (b) an alcohol (e.g. pentaerythritol), (c) a hydroxy-substituted amine (e.g. tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane, (d) a polyoxyalkyleneamine, and (e) an alkenyl succinimide.

Abstract: A process for making an overbased low-soap alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylsulfonate in a single stage by mixing in an inert diluent (a) a hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid of 400-1500 molecular weight, (b) alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide in an amount to provide a stoichiometric excess equivalent to a total base number of at least 200 and to provide a "metal ratio" of at least 0.02.times.mol wt of the sulfonic acid, (c) an alkanol of 1-4 carbon atoms, preferably methanol, (d) water and (e) ammonium formate and then passing carbon dioxide into the mixture to convert excess alkaline earth metal base to carbonate.

Abstract: Lubricant additives having antioxidant and antiwear properties are made by reacting an oolefin such as dicyclopentadiene with sulfur and a mercaptan.

Abstract: Lubricating oils for internal combustion engine containing a minor amount of a combination of(A) an oil soluble basic organic nitrogen compound having a total base number of at least 300 and a pH of at least 9.5, and(B) an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid containing 10-50 carbon atoms have improved corrosion properties.

Abstract: Lubricating oils having improved antioxidant and antiwear properties are obtained by adding a minor amount of a reaction product made by reacting an olefinic hydrocarbon containing about 6-18 carbon atoms and about 1-3 olefinic double bonds concurrently with sulfur and hydrogen sulfide to obtain a reaction intermediate and reacting this intermediate with additional olefin hydrocarbon which may be the same or different. Preferred olefinic hydrocarbons are dicyclopentadiene and alloocimene.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings of 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The compound also contains the residue of a dithiophosphoric acid containing two organic moieties. The new compounds are useful in major or minor amounts in lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil may be a hydraulic oil. The composition may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intramolecular and intermolecular, in the case of a polymer, sulfur-bridged hydrocarbon rings containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably derived from 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The compounds also contain the residue of an alkoxyalkyl or aryloxyalkyl xanthate and may also contain the residue of a further nucleophilic group. The new compounds are useful in lubricating oil compositions. The compositions may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: The reaction of a boron compound (e.g., boric acid) with an alkylphenoxy alkanoic acid amide (polyisobutylphenoxyacetamide of tetraethylenepentamine) forms a boronated product useful as a lubricating oil dispersant having improved properties.

Abstract: Norbornenyl compounds such as dicyclopentadiene are sulfurized by reaction with a controlled amount of sulfur in the absence of a solvent or using a non-polar solvent to give a normally liquid oil-soluble sulfur-containing compound useful as a lubricating oil additive.

Abstract: Zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates are made by the reaction of zinc oxide with dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid in the presence of mineral oil which has been reacted with nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide treatment alters the oil such that it promotes the zinc oxide reaction. The process is especially adapted for making zinc dialkaryldithiophosphates useful as lubricating oil additives.

Abstract: Amides of C.sub.50-200 alkylphenoxy-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids made by reacting a C.sub.50-200 alkylphenol with a halocarboxylic ester (e.g., butyl chloroacetate) followed by displacement of the ester group with an amide group have a much higher content of amide than a product made using a halocarboxylic acid reactant in place of the ester. The product is an effective lubricating oil dispersant.

Abstract: Polyesters suitable for use as lubricant additives are prepared by reacting a di-carboxylic acid or anhydride having a branched chain alkyl or alkenyl substituent containing at least 30 carbon atoms with a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are specified substituents which between them possess from 2 to 6 free hydroxyl groups. Lubricating compositions containing these polyester additives are also described.

Abstract: Bis-substituted phenols bridged through a carbon atom of an aliphatic carboxylic amide or ester are effective ashless dispersants for lubricating oil. Preferably, the phenols are substituted with a high molecular weight poly-alpha-olefin group.

Abstract: Alkylphenoxy alkanoic esters are made in high yield by reaction of a C.sub.50-200 alkylphenol with a halo-substituted alkanoic ester in the presence of a base. The reaction product contains little unreacted alkylphenol and is converted without separation to a reaction mixture containing mainly alkylphenoxy alkanoic amide by reaction with amines. The amide reaction mixture is an effective ashless dispersant for lubricating oil.

Abstract: A corrosion inhibitor, particularly suitable for use in pipelines used for the transportation of hydrocarbon fluids such as crude petroleum or refined petroleum fractions, comprises a mixture of (a) from 1.8 to 25 parts by weight dimerised unsaturated fatty acid and (b) 1 part by weight of an alkoxylated alkyl phenol and provides a WSIM number (as defined) of at least 60.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The compounds also contain the residue of an alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl xanthate and may also contain the residue of a further nucleophilic group. The new compounds are useful in lubricating oil compositions. The compositions may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a sulphur compound suitable for use as a lubricant additive comprises reacting a trithiolan compound with a thiol compound in the presence of a base.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings of 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The compound also contains the residue of a dithiophosphoric acid containing two organic moieties. The new compounds are useful in major or minor amounts in lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil may be a hydraulic oil. The composition may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: A heterocyclic phosphorus mono-, di- or polyester has the constitution of the product prepared by reacting an intermediate of specified type with a di- or polyol or derivative thereof capable of yielding the di- or polyol on hydrolysis, said intermediate of specified type being a heterocyclic phosphorus compound having the constitution of the compound prepared by reacting an olefin polymer or copolymer having at least 50 carbon atoms and containing olefinic unsaturation with a phosphorus trihalide in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst, preferably consisting of an aluminium halide, to form a reaction product having halogen atoms attached to phosphorus, and thereafter reacting the reaction product with a hydroxy compound, preferably water or methanol, to remove one or both of the halogen atoms attached to the phosphorus atom. Lubricating compositions containing the mono-, di- or polyesters of the invention are also described.

Abstract: Novel compounds which are amides of bis(phenol substituted)carboxylic acids, or derivatives thereof are described by specified general formula and as reaction products of at least one bis(phenol substituted)carboxylic acid, or derivative thereof, having at least one alkyl substituent of at least 30 carbon atoms on a phenol substituent, and at least one aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or heterocyclic primary or secondary di- or polyamine or a hydroxy alkyl amine.Also described are lubricating compositions containing the novel compounds of the invention.